Modelling changes in glass transition temperature in polymer matrices exposed to low molecular weight penetrants

Abstract

Polymer matrices, when placed in contact with a fluid phase made of low molecular weight compounds, undergo a depression of their glass transition temperature ( T g ) determined by the absorption of these compounds and the associated plasticization phenomena. Frequently, this effect is coupled with the mechanical action of the compressive stress exerted by the pressure of the fluid phase that, in contrast, promotes an increase in the T g . This issue is relevant for technological and structural applications of composites with high-performance glassy polymer matrices, due to their significant impact on mechanical properties. We propose an approach to model and predict rubbery-glassy states maps of polymer–penetrant mixtures as a function of pressure and temperature based on the Gibbs–Di Marzio criterion. This criterion establishes that a ‘thermodynamic’ glass transition does occur when the configurational entropy of the system vanishes. Although questioned and criticized, this criterion constitutes a good practical approach to analyse changes of T g and, in some way, reflects the idea of an ‘entropy catastrophe’ occurring at the glass transition. Several polymer–penetrant systems have been analysed modelling configurational entropy by means of the Non-Random Hydrogen Bond lattice fluid theory, able to cope with possible non-random mixing and occurrence of strong interactions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and durability of composite materials'.

Enhanced CO2 Capture by Sorption on Electrospun Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)

“…Most polymers show a glass transition phenomenon, which is characterized by a couple of temperature and pressure values at which the polymer shifts from glassy to rubbery form [29][30][31]. One of the most interesting aspects of the CO 2 sorption properties of PMMA is its so-called retrograde vitrification, according to which-under certain pressures-the polymer exists in a rubbery state at low and high temperatures, and in a glassy form at intermediate temperatures [32].…”