Modelling demand under parking and cordon pricing policy

Azari, Kian Ahmadi; Arintono, Sulistyo; Hamid, Hussain; Rahmat, Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K.

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.10.003

Cited by 64 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It was found that if cruise time for parking and travel delays inside the cordon area caused delays, then travelers would avoid car modes and would prefer to take a taxi. Respondents were likely to opt for public transport for travel to CBD if the services improved [25].…”

Section: Combination Of Multiple Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Road Pricing Schemes: A Simulation Approach (Australian Perspective)

Munir,

Dia,

Shafiei

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Road network pricing and congestion charging continue to be debated as efficient instruments to address traffic congestion and emissions. For cities where the schemes have not been implemented yet, the impacts of these schemes are typically evaluated using transport simulation models to understand the impacts and design effective solutions before the schemes are deployed. This paper considers a simulation approach for the city of Melbourne in Australia to investigate the potential impacts of road network pricing on reducing private vehicle travel, road congestion, and vehicle emissions. The study uses a dynamic traffic simulation model developed for Melbourne using the AIMSUN modeling tool, which was extended for modeling road user pricing and congestion charging, including considerations and formulations of distance-based, delay-based, joint-distance-and-delay-based, and cordon-based schemes under low-cost, medium-cost, and high-cost regimes. The study’s contributions also include an extension of the modeling framework to include public transport options to allow for providing travelers with the option of choosing an alternative mode of transport if they do not wish to pay. A mesoscopic stochastic route choice modeling approach was adopted to examine the impact of road pricing inside a nominated charging zone within the network. The results showed it would be possible to achieve a reduction of 11% in vehicle count, a 20% reduction in travel time, a 13% reduction in emissions, and a 3% increase in travel speed within the proposed pricing zone under a high-cost pricing scenario. The results also showed a significant reduction in emissions resulting from shifting drivers who are not willing to pay the congestion charge to public transport. When 20% of car drivers shifted to public transport, carbon emissions were reduced by up to 30% and network performance improved by 45%, compared to the baseline scenario without pricing. The findings of this research provide important directions for policymakers in deciding on the type and scope of charging schemes to use and how these could reshape transportation taxation systems by moving away from taxes on vehicles through registration fees and towards user-pay taxations where travelers pay for the amount of travel they do or the pollution and emissions they are responsible for.

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Section: Combination Of Multiple Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Road Pricing Schemes: A Simulation Approach (Australian Perspective)

Munir,

Dia,

Shafiei

et al. 2023

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We identified a set of individual-and household-level attributes (including sex, income, age, education level, number of driving licenses and number of vehicles owned) for the MNL models to be developed, based on the previous studies of parking and charging behaviours, which suggested that socio-demographic attributes were associated with both parking [50,51] and charging [52,53] behaviours. Some specific empirical findings are as follows: [48] examined the possible influences of sex, income and age on drivers' choice of car parks, and found that people with higher incomes tended not to choose those parks which take a long walking time to research; Bonsall and Palmer observed different parking behaviours associated with education level and gender [54].…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of Heterogenous Parking Behaviour: Multmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Analysis of Parking Behaviour of Conventional and Electric Vehicles for Parking Modelling: A Case Study of Beijing, China

Zhuge

Shao

2019

Energies

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An empirical study of the parking behaviour of Conventional Vehicles (CVs), Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) was carried out with the data collected in a paper-based questionnaire survey in Beijing, China. The study investigated the factors that might influence the parking behaviour, with a focus on the maximum acceptable time of walking from parking lot to trip destination, parking fee, the availability of charging posts, the state of charge of EVs and the range anxiety of BEVs. Several Multinomial Logit (MNL) models were developed to explore the relationships between individual attributes and parking choices. The results suggest that (1) the maximum acceptable walking time generally increases with the rise in the amount of saving for parking fee; (2) the availability of charging posts does not influence the maximum acceptable walking time when PHEVs and BEVs have sufficient charge, but the percentage of people willing to walk longer than eight minutes increases from around 35% to 46% when PHEVs are in a low stage of charge; (3) more than half of BEV drivers want the driving range of their vehicles to be one and a half times the driving distance before they depart, given the distance is 50 km. Based on the empirical findings above, a conceptual framework was proposed to explicitly simulate the parking behaviour of both CVs and EVs using agent-based modelling.

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“…Many of these studies use a stated-preference (SP) survey to collect data regarding user characteristics and behaviors and then establish a regression model, to estimate and identify the factors (attributes) that affect user behavior, such as WTP and the choice of travel mode. Azari et al (2013) demonstrated that cordon pricing is a more important factor than the parking fee by showing that users' WTP for parking fee is far greater than their WTP for cordon tolls. Bagloee et al (2012) separated a user trip into walking and vehicular trips and modeled users' parking choice using factors such as the fee, security and protection.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is as an efficient tool for Transportation Demand Management (TDM) (Kelly and Clinch, 2006) because it is a major policy that takes account of different modes of travelling behavior, so as to achieve a desired modal split of users. Although cordon (congestion) pricing has been shown to be a more effective way to manage congestion (Azari et al, 2013), parking pricing is the most common practical measure because of its ease of implementation (Simicevic et al, 2013). Parking pricing and the quality of transport are two important policies for sustainable urban planning that allow the management of demand to produce a balanced modal split and to reduce traffic congestions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the public context, the price of parking generally decreases the overall parking demand by depressing user's Willingness to Pay (WTP) (Azari et al, 2013;Bagloee et al, 2012;Martens and Benenson, 2008) and this affect the mode of travel chosen (i.e., modal choice), which can relieve traffic and parking congestions, or reduce other social opportunity costs (Ferreira et al, 2014). Therefore, because parking pricing is a tool (but not a goal in itself) (Caicedo and Diaz, 2013), it is often used to achieve the desired goals of the planners or politicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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