Cordon pricing is an effective policy to alleviate congestion and manage travel demand in city centres. However, different responses among road users to certain policies are inevitable. This paper presents a study evaluating the possible consequences of cordon and parking pricing on road users with different trip purposes, i.e., workers and non-workers. Different models have been developed and calibrated with data from the central business district of Mashhad, Iran, using revealed and stated preference methods. The analysis of the interviewee responses to the hypothetical situations shows that workers comprise the dominant proportion using each mode of travel to the Mashhad CBD. The commuters were provided with alternative choices, and their preferences were examined using multinomial logit. The results show that the cost-based policy such as parking and cordon pricing is good to reduce congestion as it affects workers, but the impact is more evident for non-workers travelling to the CBD. Furthermore, the model suggests that workers are more likely to shift mode in response to changes in travel time. The model was also developed to obtain different willingness-to-pay measures, which indicate that workers have a greater willingness to pay for parking and cordon pricing than non-workers.

The mean of baseline perception-reaction time of motorcycle riders is smaller than that of passenger car drivers. If traffic facilities are designed based on passenger car drivers' simple perception-reaction times where drivers are generally more alert (for example, in traffic signal design), they can provide the required PRT for motorcyclists. This suggests that the utilization of more powerful brake lights on motorcycles could be highly effective for preventing rear-end motorcycle collisions.

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In developing Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, the motorcycle is a popular means of transportation because it is cheap and provides flexible door-to-door mobility. However, motorcyclists are also highly involved in road accidents. Separating motorcycles from other vehicles in traffic by providing motorcycle lanes is a good engineering measure to improve the safety of motorcyclists. In designing motorcycle lanes, considerations of geometrical elements such as horizontal and vertical curve lengths, stopping distances, and passing sight distances are essential. This study attempts to quantify the eye levels and head levels of motorcycle riders and motorcycle headlight and taillight height characteristics that influenced these geometrical elements. Characteristics of the motorcycles observed along the existing exclusive motorcycle lanes in Selangor state of Malaysia were transcribed from a camcorder, using reference dimension. Findings recommend a design motorcycle eye height of 1,350 mm (5th percentile), headlight height of 800 mm (5th percentile), and taillight height of 625 mm (5th percentile). A motorcyclist height of 1,525 mm (10th percentile) is recommended for the design of sight distance. Recommended heights reduce the cost of motorcycle lane construction with demonstrated safety compared with the current criteria.

In Malaysia and other developing Asian countries, the over-representation of the motorcycle population in mixed traffic results in a high number of motorcyclist casualties and fatalities. As a result, by providing a safer environment for motorcycling, the key problem of road accidents would be minimised. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of vehicle speed, traffic volume and lane width on mixed traffic conditions. Each of the 60 motorcyclists who took part in this study watched 12 video clips and saw six photographs of road scenes recorded from a number of sites, and rated their perceived safety related to the three variables. This study found that the perceived safety of motorcycling is associated with these three factors (p < 0 . 01) and motorcycling safety would decrease under higher vehicle speed, heavier traffic volume and narrower lane width. Segregating motorcycles from mixed traffic is one engineering option to address motorcycling safety.