Modelling evidence of stress concentration mitigation at the micro-scale in polymer composites by the addition of carbon nanotubes

Romanov, Valentin; Lomov, Stepan Vladimirovitch; Verpoest, Ignace; Gorbatikh, Larissa

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.061

Cited by 91 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The same tendency, using different constitutive materials, mixing techniques, and measurement tests, can be found in other reports; for example, Chandrasekaran et al [7] reported an increase of 36% on the IFSS, Godara et al of 36% [12], Sager et al of 71% [13], Lv et al of 175% [14], Yang et al of 190% [15], Li et al of 40% [16], and Wang et al of 71% [17]. Romanov et al [18][19][20] used modeling to explain the effect of CNTs in the fiber/matrix interface, showing that the CNTs suppress the stress concentrations on the microlevel of the composite and therefore the IFSS improvement; nevertheless, experimental evidence is not easy to obtain. The overall increase should surely depend on the CNTs concentration, as shown numerically by Yang et al [15]; however, for nanoengineered reinforced composites obtained by mixing and liquid transfer molding techniques, the CNTs concentration does not generally go beyond 0.5 wt.% due to the filtering effect; see, for example, the work of Gojny et al [8] and Jiménez-Suárez et al [21].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Multiscale Characterization of Nanoengineered Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behavior

Medina

Fernández

Salas

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The mechanical properties of the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface have a relevant influence over the mechanical properties of a composite. In this work, a glass fiber-reinforced composite is manufactured using a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped epoxy matrix. The influence of the CNTs on the material mechanical behavior is evaluated on the resin, on the fiber/matrix interface, and on the composite. On resin, the incorporation of CNTs increased the hardness by 6% and decreased the fracture toughness by 17%. On the fiber/matrix interface, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increased by 22% for the nanoengineered composite (nFRC). The influence of the CNTs on the composite behavior was evaluated by through-thickness compression, short beam flexural, and intraply fracture tests. The compressive strength increased by 6% for the nFRC, attributed to the rise of the matrix hardness and the fiber/matrix IFSS. In contrast, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) obtained from the short beam tests was reduced by 8% for the nFRC; this is attributed to the detriment of the matrix fracture toughness. The intraply fracture test showed no significant influence of the CNTs on the fracture energy; however, the failure mode changed from brittle to ductile in the presence of the CNTs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Multiscale Characterization of Nanoengineered Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behavior

Medina

Fernández

Salas

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…The CNTs were modeled and inserted into a bulk polymer model using the embedded mesh technique. 33 The results of the micromechanical model with an RVE containing the polymer matrix and randomly generated CNTs are presented here. The model is simulated in the commercial Finite Element Package Abaqus 6.13 with the damage equations implemented in a user material subroutine.…”

Section: Microscale Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unit cell dimensions are varied in order to alter the weight fraction of the CNTs in the micro-RVE. The material properties and dimensions of the CNTs are obtained from Romanov et al 33 and are reported in Table 4. The randomly generated CNTs are shown in Figure 9.…”

Section: Generation Of the Micro-length Scale Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the technique of embedded elements is used to achieve the meshing required in this case. 33,34 Embedded meshes are used to embed a large group of target elements inside a region of host elements, through which the translational degrees of freedom of the target elements are constrained according to the response of the host elements. The polymer matrix host mesh uses 5000 elements of fully integrable 8-noded 3D solid C3D8 brick elements.…”

Section: Generation Of the Micro-length Scale Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale damage analysis of carbon nanotube nanocomposite using a continuum damage mechanics approach

Rai

Subramanian

Koo

et al. 2016

Journal of Composite Materials

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A multiscale-modeling framework is presented to understand damage and failure response in carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites. A damage model is developed using the framework of continuum damage mechanics with a physical damage evolution equation inspired by molecular dynamics simulations. This damage formulation is applied to randomly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposite unit cells with periodic boundary conditions to investigate preferred sites and the tendency towards damage. The continuum model is seen as successfully capturing much of the unique nonlinear trends observed in the molecular dynamics simulations in a volume 1000 times greater than the molecular dynamics unit cell. Additionally, application of the damage model to the continuum unit cell revealed insights into the failure of carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites at the sub-microscale.

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“…[4] As an alternative, CNTs can be directly grafted onto carbon fibers (CNT-g-CFs), during synthesis, to form a hierarchical reinforcement, combining nanoscale and microscale reinforcements. Computational models of this type of hierarchical composites predict a net benefit when CNTs are present at the fiber surface, [5][6][7][8][9][10] through diffusion of stresses across the critical fibermatrix region, as found in some biological systems. [10] Another motivation for including CNTs in composites is to create a conductive network which can be used for in-situ damage detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers

Anthony

Sui

Kellersztein

et al. 2018

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibers (CNT-g-CFs) were prepared continuously, spool to spool, via thermal CVD. The application of an in-situ potential difference (300 V), between the fibers and a cylindrical graphite foil counter electrode, enhanced the growth, producing a uniform coverage of carbon nanotubes with diameter ca. 10 nm and length ca. 125 nm. Single fiber tensile tests show that this approach avoids the significant reduction of the underlying carbon fiber strengths, which is usually associated with CVD grafting processes. Single fiber fragmentation tests in epoxy, with in-situ video fragment detection, demonstrated that the CNT-g-CFs have the highest interfacial shear strength reported for such systems (101 ± 5 MPa), comparable to state-of-the-art sizing controls (103 ± 8 MPa).Single fiber pull-out data show similar trends. The short length of the grafted CNTs is particularly attractive for retaining the volume fraction of the primary fibers in composite applications.

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Modelling evidence of stress concentration mitigation at the micro-scale in polymer composites by the addition of carbon nanotubes

Cited by 91 publications

References 47 publications

Multiscale Characterization of Nanoengineered Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behavior

Multiscale Characterization of Nanoengineered Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Out-of-Plane Mechanical Behavior

Multiscale damage analysis of carbon nanotube nanocomposite using a continuum damage mechanics approach

Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers

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