Modelling geographic access and school catchment areas across public primary schools to support subnational planning in Kenya

Macharia, Peter M.; Moturi, Angela K.; Mumo, Eda; Giorgi, Emanuele; Okiro, Emelda A.; Snow, Robert W.; Ray, Nicolas

doi:10.1080/14733285.2022.2137388

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Physical access issues for women include inadequate sanitary facilities needed for privacy due to menstrual stigmatization and discrimination [15,45]. In addition, some schools across sub-Saharan Africa are nearly inaccessible because some students lack transportation to schools which are more than 40 min by foot [51,52]. The distance between schools and communities frequently discourages girls from enrolling in far-distanced schools since they may not be able to complete house chores [15,45].…”

Section: Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Situations such as war, assault, and robbery affecting students on their way to school, the long distances they must travel between their homes and their school, and the hygiene of school canteens are examples of critical factors in achieving access and quality education offered to students [52,[54][55][56]. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, low rates of male secondary education are associated with a high risk of civil conflicts [57].…”

Section: Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training the staff responsible for administrative duties is essential for the efficient allocation of the budget in the education sector [66]. Proper budget planning, implementation, reporting, and tracking ensure transparency in resource expenditure and coherence in executing programs and policies [52,66,69,84,85]. Uganda and Senegal have had successful experiences that could be considered in other countries.…”

Section: Addressing Funding Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal #4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Zickafoose,

Ilesanmi,

Diaz-Manrique

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Education is a fundamental human right and a crucial tool for sustainable human capacity development, which can advance the economic growth of a country. Yet for many children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), quality education remains out of reach. This study aimed to identify the barriers and challenges to enacting Sustainable Development Goal 4: “Ensuring Inclusive, Equitable, and Quality Education and the Promotion of Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All”. Through a content analysis of the relevant literature, we identified three themes: funding constraints, access and inclusion, and teacher education. Regarding funding, issues of resource allocation, technical capacity, and accountability were identified as primary factors requiring intervention strategies to become fully realized in SSA. When exploring access and inclusion, we found that incorporating students with disabilities, gender disparities, physical barriers, and inadequate curriculum are essential factors limiting quality education in SSA. Finally, teachers’ conditions and training emerged as crucial challenges to reach quality pedagogy. Some SSA countries have improved their efforts for quality education, but these barriers and challenges continue to impact education for all children. A new perspective on mitigating these impediments can address several factors responsible for the exclusion of diverse groups from accessing quality education in the SSA region.

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Section: Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Addressing Funding Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal #4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Zickafoose,

Ilesanmi,

Diaz-Manrique

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Por conta da possibilidade de estabelecer áreas de abrangência de diversos tipos de serviços, não apenas de saúde, também há exemplos na literatura internacional de usos a respeito da modelagem da degradação florestal e suas vinculações com surgimento de epidemias (Poirier et al, 2021), sobre a acessibilidade geográfica a espaços verdes públicos na Suíça (Chênes et al, 2021) e a escolas primárias no Quênia (Macharia et al, 2022). Outra vantagem é que no caso do modelo ACCESMOD o modelo gravitacional considera múltiplos modais de transporte e suas respectivas velocidades de deslocamento (Ray & Ebener, 2008).…”

Section: ____________________________________________________________...unclassified

Acessibilidade Geográfica a Serviços de Saúde

Oliveira,

Pedroso,

Silva

2024

geoconexões

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O acesso a serviços de saúde envolve diversos obstáculos, que podem tornar complexo o acesso a cuidados resolutivos em tempo oportuno. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) disponibiliza um software livre denominado ACCESSMOD, que permite a análise do tempo de deslocamento até unidades de saúde a partir da distribuição da população, localização dos estabelecimentos, vias e meios de transporte, relevo e uso da terra. Apresenta as vantagens de considerar as distâncias com base nas vias e não nas distâncias euclidianas, além do uso de grade estatística, que viabiliza a análise da distribuição espacial da população. Este trabalho ilustra a consolidação do ACCESSMOD como ferramenta online, acessível e disseminável para usuários diversos. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises das tecnologias relacionadas à ferramenta ACCESSMOD, de soluções para utilização online, com funcionalidades a serem acrescidas, além dos testes da versão online. O ACCESSMOD foi adaptado para uso online, mediante login e solicitação de uso do serviço. Foram refeitas análises a respeito da acessibilidade geográfica a serviços de saúde. A ferramenta se mostra relevante para a pesquisa acadêmica relativa às barreiras vinculadas a acessibilidade geográfica. Contribui para o planejamento da redistribuição dos serviços de saúde e de ações vinculadas a transportes que reduzam barreiras.

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Measuring geographic access to emergency obstetric care: a comparison of travel time estimates modelled using Google Maps Directions API and AccessMod in three Nigerian conurbations

Macharia,

Wong,

Beňová

et al. 2024

Geospat Health

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Google Maps Directions Application Programming Interface (the API) and AccessMod tools are increasingly being used to estimate travel time to healthcare. However, no formal comparison of estimates from the tools has been conducted. We modelled and compared median travel time (MTT) to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) using both tools in three Nigerian conurbations (Kano, Port-Harcourt, and Lagos). We compiled spatial layers of CEmOC healthcare facilities, road network, elevation, and land cover and used a least-cost path algorithm within AccessMod to estimate MTT to the nearest CEmOC facility. Comparable MTT estimates were extracted using the API for peak and non-peak travel scenarios. We investigated the relationship between MTT estimates generated by both tools at raster celllevel (0.6 km resolution). We also aggregated the raster cell estimates to generate administratively relevant ward-level MTT. We compared ward-level estimates and identified wards within the same conurbation falling into different 15-minute incremental categories (<15/15-30/30-45/45-60/+60). Of the 189, 101 and 375 wards, 72.0%, 72.3% and 90.1% were categorised in the same 15- minute category in Kano, Port-Harcourt, and Lagos, respectively. Concordance decreased in wards with longer MTT. AccessMod MTT were longer than the API’s in areas with ≥45min. At the raster cell-level, MTT had a strong positive correlation (≥0.8) in all conurbations. Adjusted R2 from a linear model (0.624-0.723) was high, increasing marginally in a piecewise linear model (0.677-0.807). In conclusion, at <45-minutes, ward-level estimates from the API and AccessMod are marginally different, however, at longer travel times substantial differences exist, which are amenable to conversion factors.

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Modelling geographic access and school catchment areas across public primary schools to support subnational planning in Kenya

Abstract: Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cchg20

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal #4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal #4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Acessibilidade Geográfica a Serviços de Saúde

Measuring geographic access to emergency obstetric care: a comparison of travel time estimates modelled using Google Maps Directions API and AccessMod in three Nigerian conurbations

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