Modelling height to diameter ratio – an opportunity to increase Norway spruce stand stability in the Western Carpathians

Bošeľa, Michal; Konôpka, Bohdan; Šebeň, Vladimír; Vladovič, Jozef; Tobin, Brian

doi:10.2478/forj-2014-0007

“…The height/diameter ratio is important in plantation management in order to maintain the verticality and stability of trees [9][10][11]. The susceptibility of trees to bending, crown breakage, Site 2, and plantations in Site 5 and 6 (28-and 31-month-old) are in a same area or site ( Figure 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

Guzmán¹,

Moya

²

,

Murillo-Gamboa

³

2017

Forests

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Bent trees have been observed during the early years in juvenile plantations (less than 5 years-old) of Tectona grandis in Costa Rica. The relationship between bending and the morphological characteristics of the trees was explored. An evaluation of bent trees was conducted in six juvenile plantations (8,17,27,28,31, and 54 months old) of Tectona grandis. Site 1 with 8-month-old plantations did not display any relationship with any tree morphological variable (diameter, height, and crown weight of tree), whereas for the sites 2, 3, and 4 with 17-, 27-, and 28-month-old plantations, respectively, all the tree morphological variables were statistically correlated with the bent trees. A multiple regression analysis showed that the most influential variables were height to crown base, crown weight, diameter, and total height of the tree. An evaluation of the bending risk factor (RF) was correlated with the height to crown base, crown weight, and form factor. The modulus of elasticity and chemical compositions of bent trees differed from those of straight trees. The causes of tree bending are complex, involving, among other factors, the morphology of the trees, plantation conditions, and other factors specific to the xylem, such as the specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, and presence of calcium and magnesium in the wood.

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“…Bošela et al (2014) demonstrated that the hd ratio decreased with increasing crown length (crown ratio). This indicates that both parameters either react to the same external factors or influence one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed adjustment (dendro/morphometric relationship) allows forest managers to decide the timing of silvicultural intervention to maintain stability, vitality and productivity of the species. Thus, in order to produce stable forests at maturity, systematic frequent thinning regimes need to be applied to the early stages of development (Bošela et al, 2014). Therefore, the relationships established in the study can be used to support these interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the HD ratio was related to crown ratio, trees with unfavorable properties of both characteristics could be considered for removal from a stand as soon as possible. In other words, increased stand stability can best be reached by favoring trees with long (deep) crowns as early as possible in a rotation (Bošela et al, 2014). Durlo and Denardi (1998) emphasizes that the relationship of the degree of slenderness (hd) helps in understanding the architecture of the trees and the degree of competition between them in the forest, as well as in the definition of silvicultural practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphometric Relationships as Indicative of Silvicultural Interventions for Brazilian Pine in Southern Brazil

Hess¹,

Loiola²,

Minatti³

et al. 2018

JAS

4

0

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Silvicultural interventions are necessary to control the competition and to maintain the forest structure. Thus, this work aimed to know the interactions between dendro/morphometric variables to indicate density interventions in Brazilian pine Forest. Dendrometric and morphometric variables were measured from 186 individual trees of this species, which were distributed in diametric classes at three sites. With the variables were fitted models for the relationships between the degree of slenderness and the potential crown diameter as a function of the number of trees per hectare. The fit indicated that the variables showed interaction and the relationship can be described by linear function explaining between 51.9 and 99.3% of the variance between morphometry and forest density. This adjustment and information can be used to indicate the optimum density according to the amplitude of each index. The results show that the morphometric indexes and their interaction indicate the period of the interventions, having relation with the characteristics of the site, the diametric structure and the dynamics of the forest growth.

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“…The height/diameter ratio is important in plantation management in order to maintain the verticality and stability of trees [9][10][11]. The susceptibility of trees to bending, crown breakage, or uprooting is one of the main problems associated with tree stability in teak and other species [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (<em>Tectona grandis</em> L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

Guzmán¹,

Moya

²

,

Murillo-Gamboa

³

2017

Preprint

2

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bent trees have been observed during the early years in juvenile plantations (less than 5 years-old) of Tectona grandis in Costa Rica. The relationship between bending and the morphological characteristics of the trees was explored. An evaluation of bent trees was conducted in six juvenile plantations (8,17,27,28,31, and 54 months old) of Tectona grandis. Site 1 with 8-month-old plantations did not display any relationship with any tree morphological variable (diameter, height, and crown weight of tree), whereas for the sites 2, 3, and 4 with 17-, 27-, and 28-month-old plantations, respectively, all the tree morphological variables were statistically correlated with the bent trees. A multiple regression analysis showed that the most influential variables were height to crown base, crown weight, diameter, and total height of the tree. An evaluation of the bending risk factor (RF) was correlated with the height to crown base, crown weight, and form factor. The modulus of elasticity and chemical compositions of bent trees differed from those of straight trees. The causes of tree bending are complex, involving, among other factors, the morphology of the trees, plantation conditions, and other factors specific to the xylem, such as the specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, and presence of calcium and magnesium in the wood.

show abstract

Modelling height to diameter ratio – an opportunity to increase Norway spruce stand stability in the Western Carpathians

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

Morphometric Relationships as Indicative of Silvicultural Interventions for Brazilian Pine in Southern Brazil

Evaluation of Bent Trees in Juvenile Teak (<em>Tectona grandis</em> L.f.) Plantations in Costa Rica: Effects on Tree Morphology and Wood Properties

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