Modelling jumping in Locusta migratoria and the influence of substrate roughness

Mo, Xiaojuan; Ge, Wenjie; Romano, Donato; Donati, Elisa; Benelli, Giovanni; Dario, P.; Stefanini, Cesare

doi:10.1127/entomologia/2019/0607

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…To better understand, Figure 6 provides some schematic representations of locusts' anatomy and cinematic. In particular, Figure 6A (Rogers et al, 2016) shows a representation of the internal anatomy of a hind femur, characterized by a massive, pennate extensor tibiae muscle and a very small flexor tibiae FIGURE 6 | (A) Mechanical diagram of the interactions between the extensor tibiae muscle, its apodeme and the semilunar processes: during the contraction just before jumping, the apodeme pulls on and distorts the front part of the femoro-tibial joint, bending the semi-lunar processes (Rogers et al, 2016); (B) configuration's variation from the steady stare to the jumping state (Rogers et al, 2016); (C) theoretical model of locust jumping cinematics (Mo et al, 2019); (D) lumped parameter model of muscles' arrangement in locust jump (Rogers et al, 2016). muscle, while Figure 6B (Rogers et al, 2016) shows how the leg configuration varies from the steady phase to the jumping phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locusts can adapt to substrates of various roughness, thanks to a combined grasping mechanism consisting of rigid claws that generate mechanical interlocking on rough substrates, and adhesive pads for vacuum adhesion on smooth substrates (Goodwyn et al, 2006 ; Wang et al, 2009 , 2015 ; Mo et al, 2019 ). This particular characteristic can be considered as a sort of morphological intelligence, which makes locusts capable of dealing with a wide variety of substrates, even much different from each other, avoiding slipping phenomena in both jumping and landing phase (Woodward and Sitti, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Substrates' Compliance on the Jumping Mechanism of Locusta migratoria

Romano

Miraglia

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Locusts generally live and move in complex environments including different kind of substrates, ranging from compliant leaves to stiff branches. Since the contact force generates deformation of the substrate, a certain amount of energy is dissipated each time when locust jumps from a compliant substrate. In published researches, it is proven that only tree frogs are capable of recovering part of the energy that had been accumulated in the substrate as deformation energy in the initial pushing phase, just before leaving the ground. The jumping performances of adult Locusta migratoria on substrates of three different compliances demonstrate that locusts are able to adapt their jumping mode to the mechanical characteristics of the substrate. Recorded high speed videos illustrate the existence of deformed substrate's recoil before the end of the takeoff phase when locusts jump from compliant substrates, which indicates their ability of recovering part of energy from the substrate deformation. This adaptability is supposed to be related to the catapult mechanism adopted in locusts' jump thanks to their long hind legs and sticky tarsus. These findings improve the understanding of the jumping mechanism of locusts, as well as can be used to develop artifact outperforming current jumping robots in unstructured scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Substrates' Compliance on the Jumping Mechanism of Locusta migratoria

Romano

Miraglia

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…A white-colored solid jumping platform was positioned inside a foam box (70 × 35 × 30 cm). The jumping platform was lit with four LED illuminators (RODER SRL, Oglianico TO, Italy) which emit red light (420 lm each at k = 628 nm) to match the maximum absorption frequency of the camera [49][50][51][52][53]. The jumping behavior of each locust was stimulated by teasing the rear of its body with a transparent plastic bar (2 mm diameter), to elicit the maximum "escape jumps."…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Materials Preparation A Set Of 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Developmental Instars onLocusta migratoriaJumping Performance

Romano

Milazzo

et al. 2020

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Ontogenetic locomotion research focuses on the evolution of locomotion behavior in different developmental stages of a species. Unlike vertebrates, ontogenetic locomotion in invertebrates is poorly investigated. Locusts represent an outstanding biological model to study this issue. They are hemimetabolous insects and have similar aspects and behaviors in different instars. This research is aimed at studying the jumping performance of Locusta migratoria over different developmental instars. Jumps of third instar, fourth instar, and adult L. migratoria were recorded through a high-speed camera. Data were analyzed to develop a simplified biomechanical model of the insect: the elastic joint of locust hind legs was simplified as a torsional spring located at the femur-tibiae joint as a semilunar process and based on an energetic approach involving both locomotion and geometrical data. A simplified mathematical model evaluated the performances of each tested jump. Results showed that longer hind leg length, higher elastic parameter, and longer takeoff time synergistically contribute to a greater velocity and energy storing/releasing in adult locusts, if compared to young instars; at the same time, they compensate possible decreases of the acceleration due to the mass increase. This finding also gives insights for advanced bioinspired jumping robot design.

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“…The properties of the ground are another set of environmental factors that can potentially affect the locust jump, especially during the take-off stage. For example, surface roughness with an Ra value of 1-2 µm can reduce the ability of locust legs to attach to the substrate, resulting in considerable slippage of the hind legs on the ground and thus take-off failure [21,22]. Similar effects of surface roughness have also been documented in females of the Mediterranean field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) crawling on smooth surfaces (R q = 7.3 µm), which resulted in significantly lower phonotactic responses compared with rougher surfaces (R q = 16 or 180 µm) [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ground Type on the Jump Performance of Adults of the Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis: A Preliminary Study

Wan

Cao

Hao

2020

Insects

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The jump performance of locusts depends on several physiological and environmental factors. Few studies have examined the effects of different ground types on the jump performance of locusts. Here, mature adult locusts (Locusta migratoria manilensis) were examined using a custom-developed measuring system to test their jump performance (including postural features, kinematics, and reaction forces) on three types of ground (sand, soil, and wood). Significant differences were primarily observed in the elevation angle at take-off, the tibial angle at take-off, and the component of the mass-specific reaction force along the aft direction of the insect body between wood and the other two ground types (sand and soil). Slippage of the tarsus and insertion of the tibia were often observed when the locusts jumped on sand and soil, respectively. Nevertheless, comparisons of the different parameters of jump initiation (i.e., take-off speed and mass-specific kinetic energy) did not reveal any differences among the three types of ground, indicating that locusts were able to achieve robust jump performance on various substrates. This study provides insights into the biomechanical basis of the locust jump on different types of ground and enhances our understanding of the mechanism underlying the locust jump.

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Modelling jumping in Locusta migratoria and the influence of substrate roughness

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Substrates' Compliance on the Jumping Mechanism of Locusta migratoria

Effect of Substrates' Compliance on the Jumping Mechanism of Locusta migratoria

Impact of Different Developmental Instars onLocusta migratoriaJumping Performance

The Effect of Ground Type on the Jump Performance of Adults of the Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis: A Preliminary Study

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