“…The correlations between indentation parameters and the elastic modulus of different kinds of rock have been developed based on the experimental results 28,29 . Besides, many scientific efforts have been made to simulate the quasi‐static indentation processes of rock combining FEM, 30 displacement discontinuity method (DDM), 31 or discrete element modeling (DEM) 32 with different constitutive law of rock, for example, the linear Mohr‐Coulomb, Drucker‐Prager, and damage model 33,34 . However, the indenter size adopted in these studies is in the millimeter scale, in which case the rock samples is assumed as intact, isotropic, and homogeneous.…”