Modelling of hybrid laser–GMA welding: Review and challenges

Abstract

Hybrid welding, which is the integration of laser beam welding (LBW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW), may minimise the disadvantages while retaining the advantages for each of the two welding technologies and, hence, has recently received increasing interest in the welding industry. However, the hybrid welding involves very complex transport phenomena which are inherited from each of LBW and GMAW and their interactions. The development of hybrid welding has been based on the trial and error procedure and so far rather limited numerical modelling on hybrid welding is available. This paper presents an up to date literature review on modelling of the hybrid welding including LBW and GMAW. Issues and challenges for a comprehensive hybrid welding model are discussed. With the advances of numerical techniques and computers, a comprehensive hybrid welding model can be developed as a useful tool for determining key process parameters and helping the elimination/reduction of possible weld defects.

Adhesion of Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel welds

“…However, there are several limitations in performing MIG welding, such as the need of a complex regulation of the weld equipment; it cannot be performed in the presence of flowing air, limited welding position, and allowance of extensive porosity in the weld bead (EHEDG, 1993). Also it produces frequent spills and the welds are difficult to maintain (O'Brien, 1991;Rao et al, 2011). Welding process commonly provides greater roughness on stainless steel surfaces welded.…”

Development of a Comprehensive Process Model for Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding

“…There are a limited number of publications available to numerically describe the hybrid laser and arc welding process because of lack of knowledge on complex interaction between the material, arc plasma, and laser beam [43]. Current heat source models of hybrid laser and arc including GTAW and GMAW were mostly developed with the help of experimental support [34][35][36][37].…”

“…Zhou and Tsai [34,35] presented heat transfer and fluid flow models to study the metal inert gas (MIG) welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding processes. Rao et al [36] reviewed the modeling of hybrid laser-gas metal arc (GMA) welding and presented further studies on synergistic interaction between the laser beam and arc, the metal transfer features, and behavior of shielding gas. Ribic et al [37] developed a three-dimensional (3-D) finite volume model to study heat transfer and fluid flow in the hybrid laser-GTA welding process.…”

Effect of droplet impact on molten pool dynamics in hybrid laser-MIG welding of aluminum alloy

“…To a much extent, the weld pool geometry depended on the fluid dynamics. It was necessary to study the molten pool dynamics with considering the effect of droplet impact [3,4].…”