Modelling of Microstructure and Properties

Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Honeycombe, Sir Robert

doi:10.1016/b978-075068084-4/50016-9

Cited by 464 publications

(568 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…3b. Allotriomorphic ferrite is the first phase to form on cooling the austenite grains below the Ae 3 temperature [17]. It nucleates at the columnar austenite grain boundaries.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tungsten addition and heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed forging steels

Zhao

Jiang

Lee

2013

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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In the present work, the effects of tungsten (W) addition and heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, impact toughness and tensile properties of microalloyed forging steels were studied. Four kinds of microalloyed forging steels were produced by varying W additions (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%). Heat treatment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 840 to 950 °C followed by air and furnace cooling. Mechanical tests were used to evaluate the room temperature Charpy impact and tensile properties. The resulting microstructures were analysed via optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the microalloyed forging steels are closely related to the W content. Correct selection of heat treatment temperature and cooling method is very important to enhance the mechanical properties. The optimum heat treatment temperatures obtained in this study are 920, 900, 880 and 860 °C for the steels with 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% W, respectively. Both the impact toughness and tensile properties of the microalloyed forging steels have been significantly enhanced after heat treatment at the optimum temperatures followed by air cooling. AbstractIn the present work, the effects of tungsten (W) addition and heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, impact toughness and tensile properties of microalloyed forging steels were studied. Four kinds of microalloyed forging steels were produced by varying W additions (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%). Annealing treatment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 840 to 950℃ followed by air and furnace cooling. Mechanical tests were used to evaluate the room temperature Charpy impact and tensile properties. The resulting microstructures were analysed via optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the addition of W plays an important role in increasing the strength and decreasing the toughness of the studied steels. Correct selection of annealing temperature and cooling method is very important to enhance the mechanical properties. The optimum annealing temperatures obtained in this study are 920, 900, 880 and 860℃ for the steels with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% W, respectively. Both the impact toughness and tensile properties of the microalloyed forging steels have been significantly enhanced after heat treatment at the optimum temperatures followed by air cooling.

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“…3b. Allotriomorphic ferrite is the first phase to form on cooling the austenite grains below the Ae 3 temperature [17]. It nucleates at the columnar austenite grain boundaries.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tungsten addition and heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed forging steels

Zhao

Jiang

Lee

2013

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…, where E = 211 GPa is the Young's modulus, ν = 0.3 is the Poisson ratio, ε = 0.245 is the Bain strain [17,34], and the ratio accounts for the localised distortions accommodated in the lath boundary area (A lath = w lath d lath , where w lath is the thickness of a lath boundary), from an equivalent undistorted area in the prior-austenite phase ( ) [17]. For the case of Fe C steels, w lath was found equal to the length of a Cottrell atmosphere inducing carbon segregation at the lath boundaries [35]; for the case of maraging steels, we consider that w lath equals the thickness of a dislocation distortion field and it has been experimentally estimated in Fe 9Mn (at%) to be w lath ≈ 4 nm [36].…”

Section: Martensite Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting microstructure and strength of maraging steels: Elemental optimisation

Galindo-Nava

Rainforth

Rivera-Dı́az-del-Castillo

2016

Acta Materialia

156

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“…7 that the martensite plates near the surface tend to coalesce. In fact [22] pointed that large strain energy must be endured for the coalescence. Since the surface reduces the strain energy associated with the martensite transformation as in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacive Phase Transformation and Surface Effects Associated with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Pak

Suh

Bhadeshia

2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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The influence of the free surface on martensitic transformation was examined by comparing the highest temperature at which martensite forms (M S ), as measured using dilatometry, with surface-observations using confocal laser scanning microscopy. It is found that the proximity of the surface during confocal microscopy permits martensitic transformation to occur at a higher temperature, with a reduced free energy change. This is because the strain energy due to the shape deformation accompanying the growth of martensite is reduced at a free surface. The second observation is that plates of martensite tend to coalesce as they approach the free surface where there is reduced constraint. The general observations are backed by calculating the strain-energy due to a sub-surface edge dislocation as a function of the orientation of its Burgers vector relative to the free surface.

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Modelling of Microstructure and Properties

Cited by 464 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of tungsten addition and heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed forging steels

Effects of tungsten addition and heat treatment conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed forging steels

Predicting microstructure and strength of maraging steels: Elemental optimisation

Displacive Phase Transformation and Surface Effects Associated with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

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