Modelling of salt crystallization in building materials with microstructure – Poromechanical approach

Koniorczyk, Marcin; Gawin, Dariusz

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.035

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The pressure, which was exerted on the solid skeleton, was summed over the phases occupying the pores: gas pressure, capillary pressure defined by the Kelvin equation [34], and additional term defining the crystallization pressure [35]:…”

Section: Drying Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of sodium sulphate crystallization in porous materials

Koniorczyk

Konca

2012

Heat Mass Transfer

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The experimental setup was constructed to measure the thermal effect of the salt crystallization/dissolution process in building materials containing sodium sulphate. Additional heat was released/consumed during the salt crystallization/dissolution. The mathematical model of salt, moisture and energy transport concerning the salt phase change kinetics was derived and based on it the computer code was developed. To solve the set of partial differential, governing equations the finite element and finite difference methods were used. By solving the inverse problem the parameters of the rate law for brick saturated with the sodium sulphate solution were determined.

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Section: Drying Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of sodium sulphate crystallization in porous materials

Koniorczyk

Konca

2012

Heat Mass Transfer

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“…where the non-linear matrix coefficients C(X), K(X) and f(X) for the leaching problem are defined in detail in [12], and for salt crystallization in [33]. The integrals appearing in these matrices are calculated by means of the Gauss method [32].…”

Section: Governing Equations Of the Mathematical Model And Their Numementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process order constant in Eq. (15) was assumed as p = 7.5, which value was determined in [33]. The sorption isotherm of the brick was measured by means of the saturated salt solution method, and it may be described by the following equations, proposed by Baroquel-Bouny et al [37],…”

Section: Salt Crystalization In a Drying Brick Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of hydro-thermo-chemo-mechanical phenomena in building materials

Gawin¹,

Koniorczyk²,

Pesavento³

2013

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

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Abstract.A general approach to modelling chemical degradation processes in building materials, due to combined action of variable hydrothermal, chemical and mechanical loads, is presented. Mechanics of multiphase porous media and damage mechanics are applied for this purpose, and kinetics of degradation processes is described with evolution equations based on thermodynamics of chemical reactions. The mass-, energy -and momentum balances, as well as the evolution equations, constitutive and physical relations are briefly summarized. Then, the model governing equations are numerically solved with the finite element method. Three examples of the model application for analyzing degradation processes of building materials are presented and discussed. The first one deals with capillary suction of the salt solution by two different building materials, the second one with the salt crystallization during drying of a brick wall, and the third one concerns calcium leaching from a concrete wall due to the chemical attack of pure water under pressure gradient at two different temperatures.Key words: building materials, chemical degradation, hydro-thermal processes, mechanics of multi-phase porous media, numerical solution. List of main symbolsa ion activity product [-] a w water activity [-]

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“…Typical ones used in the literature are control volume, finite element, and finite difference. Numerical codes were developed throughout the years [79], initially focusing on the coupled transportcrystallization equations [80][81][82][83] and subsequently on the coupling with the mechanical response by introducing poromechanics [43,84,85] and fracture mechanics [86].…”

Section: Numerical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting salt damage in practice: A theoretical insight into laboratory tests.

Flatt¹,

Aly

Caruso

et al. 2017

RILEM Tech Lett

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Salt crystallization represents one of the major causes for the degradation of building and ornamental stone. As such, it has attracted the attention of researchers, who over the years have progressively unraveled most mechanisms involved in salt damage. Despite this mechanistic understanding, many questions subsist about how to quantitatively predict damage or its progression, and in particular how to relate performance on site to that in laboratory tests. In this context, a new RILEM TC 271-ASC has been started with the objective of defining laboratory tests that deliver more reliable predictions of field behavior. One deliverable of this TC is to provide a theoretical insight into this question based on recent progress on the understanding of salt damage. This paper presents a summary of this work, highlighting key aspects relating to crystallization pressure, chemo-mechanics and mass transport. Implications are discussed in relation to the most used accelerated salt crystallization tests in an attempt to better define which field exposure conditions that these tests best represent and may be used for, or define effective test procedures representing specific field conditions. A simple conceptual model for the development of salt damage is introduced. During an initial "induction" phase, transport of ions and accumulation of salt in the porous materials occurs without causing detectable damage until a critical point, termed "damage onset" is reached. Beyond this point, during the "propagation phase", the material degrades, typically losing strength and cohesiveness. The implications of these two phases are discussed in relation to the selection of appropriate salt weathering tests and conservation interventions.

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Modelling of salt crystallization in building materials with microstructure – Poromechanical approach

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

Experimental and numerical investigation of sodium sulphate crystallization in porous materials

Experimental and numerical investigation of sodium sulphate crystallization in porous materials

Modelling of hydro-thermo-chemo-mechanical phenomena in building materials

Predicting salt damage in practice: A theoretical insight into laboratory tests.

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