Modelling of the Encapsulation Factors for Photovoltaic Modules

Grunow, P.; Krauter, Stefan

doi:10.1109/wcpec.2006.279931

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Absorption in the module is mostly related to EVA, which is used in conventional module manufacturing. EVA absorbs all light of wavelengths below 400 nm, which accounts a 1-2% relative loss in J SC [30]. Replacing EVA with another encapsulant which absorbs significantly less, like silicone, can give a gain of 0.7-1.1% relative in J SC depending on the quality of the glass and the response of the cell at short wavelength [31].…”

Section: Transmission Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

17.9% Metal‐wrap‐through mc‐Si cells resulting in module efficiency of 17.0%

Lamers

Tjengdrawira

Koppes

et al. 2011

Progress in Photovoltaics

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We obtained 17.9% cell efficiency on thin and large mc‐Si REC wafers using ECN's metal‐wrap‐through (MWT) concept. Optimization of several cell processing steps led to an increase of more than 2% absolute in cell efficiency. With these cells 36‐cell modules were manufactured at 100% yield in our industry scale module pilot line. The highest module efficiency obtained (as independently confirmed by JRC‐ESTI) was 17%. In this module the average cell efficiency was 17.8%; this shows a small difference between cell and module efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Transmission Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

17.9% Metal‐wrap‐through mc‐Si cells resulting in module efficiency of 17.0%

Lamers

Tjengdrawira

Koppes

et al. 2011

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…The optimal value of x and hence n, is very dependent upon the type of solar cell, the optimal wavelength, the texture, the module fabrication etc, for example in air a value of n=1.9 is optimal, however generally in solar cells in modules values of n = 2.04 -2.08 are preferred 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics studies of the bonding properties of amorphous silicon nitride coatings on crystalline silicon

Butler

Lamers

Weeber

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this paper we present molecular dynamics simulations of silicon nitride, both in bulk and as an interface to crystalline silicon. We investigate, in particular, the bonding structure of the silicon nitride and analyze the simulations to search for defective geometries which have been identified as potential charge carrier traps when silicon nitride forms an interface with silicon semiconductors. The simulations reveal how the bonding patterns in silicon nitride are dependent upon the stoichiometry of the system. Furthermore we demonstrate how having an "interphase", where the nitrogen content in silicon gradually reduces towards pure silicon across a boundary region, as opposed to an interface where there is an abrupt drop in nitrogen concentration at the boundary, can result in significantly different numbers of certain important carrier trap

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this task has been performed with simplifications [7][8] or by analytical approaches such as in Ref. [9], for two main reasons: firstly, the optics of solar cell modules is determined by geometric structures on a wide scale of dimensions, ranging from pyramids on cells in the micrometer range to module geometry in the Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a New Ray Tracing Framework to the Analysis of Extended Regions in Si Solar Cell Modules

et al. 2013

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While ray tracing of solar cells was established decades ago, ray tracing of entire modules has met obstacles, mainly because module optics are affected by geometric structures varying over a large scale of dimensions. In this paper, we introduce a ray tracing framework that is based on a modular structure made up of separate plugins. While existing plugins can be used for common effects such as light sources, absorption in materials, etc., specialized plug-ins can be written by users to handle problem-specific properties. We demonstrate the functionality of our approach by ray tracing a test module containing 9 crystalline Si solar cells. Good agreement between light-beam induced current (LBIC) measurements and ray tracing is achieved.

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Modelling of the Encapsulation Factors for Photovoltaic Modules

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

17.9% Metal‐wrap‐through mc‐Si cells resulting in module efficiency of 17.0%

17.9% Metal‐wrap‐through mc‐Si cells resulting in module efficiency of 17.0%

Molecular dynamics studies of the bonding properties of amorphous silicon nitride coatings on crystalline silicon

Application of a New Ray Tracing Framework to the Analysis of Extended Regions in Si Solar Cell Modules

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