Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of long-distance Culicoides dispersal into northern Australia

Eagles, Debbie; Walker, Peter; Zalucki, Myron P.; Durr, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.02.022

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indeed, modeling suggests that frequent incursions of BTV, which is transmitted by biting midges (Culicoides spp. ), occur by wind-borne displacement of infected vectors across the Timor Sea from Indonesia and Timor Leste (34,35). Although BEFV has been isolated from both mosquitoes and biting midges in Australia and Africa, it has been argued that its epidemiological pattern is not consistent with the distribution or seasonal abundance of culicoides and that the need for direct intravenous injection to initiate experimental infection of cattle implicates mosquitoes (capillary feeders) rather than midges (pool feeders) as the principal vectors (2,36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Trinidad

Blasdell

Joubert

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that causes a debilitating disease of cattle in Africa, Asia, and Australia; however, its global geodynamics are poorly understood. An evolutionary analysis of G gene (envelope glycoprotein) ectodomain sequences of 97 BEFV isolates collected from Australia during 1956 to 2012 revealed that all have a single common ancestor and are phylogenetically distinct from BEFV sampled in other geographical regions. The age of the Australian clade is estimated to be between 56 and 65 years, suggesting that BEFV has entered the continent on few occasions since it was first reported in 1936 and that the 1955-1956 epizootic was the source of all currently circulating viruses. Notably, the Australian clade has evolved as a single genetic lineage across the continent and at a high evolutionary rate of ϳ10 ؊3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Screening of 66 isolates using monoclonal antibodies indicated that neutralizing antigenic sites G1, G2, and G4 have been relatively stable, although variations in site G3a/b defined four antigenic subtypes. A shift in an epitope at site G3a, which occurred in the mid-1970s, was strongly associated with a K218R substitution. Similarly, a shift at site G3b was associated primarily with substitutions at residues 215, 220, and 223, which map to the tip of the spike on the prefusion form of the G protein. Finally, we propose that positive selection on residue 215 was due to cross-reacting neutralizing antibody to Kimberley virus (KIMV). IMPORTANCEThis is the first study of the evolution of BEFV in Australia, showing that the virus has entered the continent only once during the past 50 to 60 years, it is evolving at a relatively constant rate as a single genetic lineage, and although the virus is relatively stable antigenically, mutations have resulted in four antigenic subtypes. Furthermore, the study shows that the evolution of BEFV in Australia appears to be driven, at least in part, by cross-reactive antibodies to KIMV which has a similar distribution and ecology but has not been associated with disease. As BEFV and KIMV are each known to be present in Africa and Asia, this interaction may occur on a broader geographic scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Trinidad

Blasdell

Joubert

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…However this model did a pretty job to identify dispersion and transportation of pollutants (Alama et al, 2011;Su et al, 2015). Some studies have been conducted to explore PM sources and evolution of Lanzhou, Xi'an, Beijing and areas in the Yangtze River Delta in China, northern Australia and cities in Europe using HYSPLIT as the major tool (Makra et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2011;Eaglesa et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Cao et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014). Makra et al (2013) confirmed that the long-range transport pathways had a significant influence on PM 10 concentrations in two European cities using HYSPLIT model.…”

Section: * Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Long-Range Transport Pathways and Potential Sources of PM10 in Tibetan Plateau Uplift Area: Case Study of Xining, China in 2014

Xin

Wang

Chen

2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of the study is to identify long-range transport pathways that may have an important influence on PM 10 levels in plateau uplift area, namely Xining in northwestern China. Cluster analysis was applied to identify the main trajectory groups in horizontal direction and 3D cluster analysis was employed to identify the origins and distributions of major trajectory groups in vertical direction. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) and Concentration-weighted Trajectory (CWT) were applied to identify the major potential source areas (PSA). Based on the temporal and spatial distribution of backward trajectories, four major trajectory pathways were clustered. The results indicated that Xining was easily affected by inland trajectories in four seasons but there were obvious results that different trajectories have dissimilar influences on the mean PM 10 concentrations. In horizontal direction, the long-range transport pathways were obvious in spring and winter while a few of long-range transport pathways could be found in summer and autumn. Because wind mainly came from north or west in spring and winter and it was very strong, which had a big influence on the transportation of transport pathways while wind in summer and autumn had a small impact on the transportation of transport pathways. In vertical direction, in the 700 hPa barometric altitude (3000 m) above, air masses in winter and spring with long transport pathways were the most important back-trajectories which had a great influence on Xining city. In summer and autumn, Xining was mainly influenced by airflow distributed below 700 hPa barometric altitude. In spring and winter, eastern Xinjiang, border areas between Gansu and Inner Mongolia and southern Tibet in China with the highest Weight Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) and Weight Concentration-weighted Trajectory (WCWT) values were the dominant potential sources, which demonstrated the contribution from sources outside of Xining were significant. In summer and autumn, WPSCF values outside of Xining were no more than 0.5 (most of them were less than 0.3) and WCWT values were almost lower than 100 µg m -3 in those two seasons, which suggested that there were no main important PSA in those two seasons. Furthermore, the study also revealed that Tibet in China was one of the potential sources of PM 10 in Xining.

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“…Wind-spread models have been developed to model such dispersions and may be used to identify areas at risk of arboviral incursion due to windborne insects (65,66,67). Some models have been validated using field data and have proved useful in explaining the origins of incursions (67,68), demonstrating their potential value in informing surveillance programmes.…”

Section: Participatory Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance methods for vector-borne diseases

Thompson¹,

Etter²

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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SummaryCompared with many other diseases, the ever-increasing threat of vectorborne diseases (VBDs) represents a great challenge to public and animal health managers. Complex life cycles, changing distribution ranges, a variety of potential vectors and hosts, and the possible role of reservoirs make surveillance for VBDs a grave concern in a changing environment with increasing economic constraints. Surveillance activities may have various specific objectives and may focus on clinical disease, pathogens, vectors, hosts and/or reservoirs, but ultimately such activities should improve our ability to predict, prevent and/or control the diseases concerned. This paper briefly reviews existing and newly developed tools for the surveillance of VBDs. A range of examples, by no means exhaustive, illustrates that VBD surveillance usually involves a combination of methods to achieve its aims, and is best accomplished when these techniques are adapted to the specific environment and constraints of the region. More so than any other diseases, VBDs respect no administrative boundaries; in addition, animal, human and commodity movements are increasing dramatically, with illegal or unknown movements difficult to quantify. Vector-borne disease surveillance therefore becomes a serious issue for local and national organisations and is being conducted more and more at the regional and international level through multidisciplinary networks. With economic and logistical constraints, tools for optimising and evaluating the performance of surveillance systems are essential and examples of recent developments in this area are included. The continuous development of mapping, analytical and modelling tools provides us with an enhanced ability to interpret, visualise and communicate surveillance results. This review also demonstrates the importance of the link between surveillance and research, with interactions and benefits in both directions.

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Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of long-distance Culicoides dispersal into northern Australia

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Identification of Long-Range Transport Pathways and Potential Sources of PM10 in Tibetan Plateau Uplift Area: Case Study of Xining, China in 2014

Epidemiological surveillance methods for vector-borne diseases

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