Modelling the environmental fate and behavior of biocides used in façades covered with mortars and plasters and their transformation products

Vega-Garcia, Pablo; Lok, Chelsea; Marhoon, Ahmed; Schwerd, Regina; Johann, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108991

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…12 Isothiazolinones can degrade in soil, with relatively short half-lives (e.g., t 1/2 : MIT ¼ 0.28, BIT ¼ 0.52, OIT ¼ 9.3 day). 12,13 Nevertheless, those half-lives allow sufficient time for plant interaction with these compounds, particularly with repeated dosing through multiple storm events. Due to their high water solubility, isothiazolinones in stormwater can also inltrate: OIT has been reported in groundwater, attributed to stormwater inltration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid plant uptake of isothiazolinone biocides and formation of metabolites by hydroponic Arabidopsis

Muerdter

Powers

Chowdhury

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid plant uptake of isothiazolinone biocides and formation of metabolites by hydroponic Arabidopsis

Muerdter

Powers

Chowdhury

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…serprognose), zeigen jedoch, dass eine Sickerwasserprognose grundsätzlich möglich ist [14,15]. Allerdings fehlen für eine abschließende Bewertung noch verschiedene stoffspezifische, relevante Eingangsparameter.…”

Section: Aufsatz Articleunclassified

Entwicklung eines Modells zur Bewertung der Umwelteigenschaften üblicher Putze und Mörtel

Vega-Garcia

Schwerd

2022

Bauphysik

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Gemäß der Bauproduktenverordnung der Europäischen Union (EU‐BauPVO) müssen Baustoffe und Bauwerke derart gestaltet sein, dass sie während ihres gesamten Lebenszyklus keine übermäßig hohen negativen Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt haben. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Arbeit war es daher, ein Modell zu entwickeln, mit dem eine Bewertung der Umwelteigenschaften von mineralischen Außenputzen und ‐mörteln vorgenommen werden kann. Als Grundlage bzw. zur Validierung wurde eine umfangreiche Datenbasis verwendet, die in 10 Jahren Feld‐ und Laborexperimenten am Fraunhofer‐Institut für Bauphysik IBP aufgebaut wurde. Das Ergebnis ist ein dreistufiges Modell. In „Level 1” werden die Wassermengen berechnet, die von einer Fassade mit einem bestimmten mineralischen Putz oder Mörtel ablaufen. In „Level 2” werden dann ausgelaugte anorganische Stoffe und deren Konzentrationen im Abflusswasser identifiziert. Als letzter Schritt erfolgt in „Level 3” die Bewertung des Umweltrisikos mittels einer Sickerwasserprognose. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass von den Stoffen, die bei Regenereignissen aus den untersuchten Putzen und Mörteln ausgewaschen werden, v. a. Vanadium, Chrom und Blei in relevanten Konzentrationen im Fassadenablauf auftreten können. Die Auswertung der Sickerwasserprognose ergab jedoch, dass unter üblichen Anwendungsszenarien nicht mit Grenzwertüberschreitungen am Ort der Beurteilung im Grundwasser zu rechnen ist.

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“…Urban biocides added as film preservatives to paints inhibit algae, fungi, and microbial growth on facades. Biocides can be released into the environment during wind-driven rain. , For instance, the triazine biocide terbutryn is used worldwide in construction materials, with applications of up to 100 t a –1 in Germany, although it has been banned for agricultural use in the EU since 2003. , Terbutryn is toxic to algae, while emissions of several terbutryn transformation products (TPs), classified as probably toxic, may exceed terbutryn emissions in facade leachates. − Biocides are generally entrapped in microcapsules, slowing down their continuous release from facades. − Continuous biocide emissions with facade runoff over years , may pose ecotoxicological risks in receiving soil, stormwater, surface water, and potentially the groundwater beneath urban areas. − In addition, the photodegradation of biocides on facades may form diverse TPs, ,, resulting in leaching of biocide–TP mixtures with unknown ecotoxicological risk . Overall, the processes driving the emissions of biocide TPs are largely unknown, while approaches to estimate the contribution of TPs to the overall biocide emissions are currently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

Junginger,

Payraudeau,

Imfeld

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biocides are added to facade paints and renders to prevent algal and fungal growth. The emissions of biocides and their transformation products from building facades during winddriven rain can contaminate surface waters, soil, and groundwater. Although the emissions of biocide transformation products may be higher than those of the parent biocide, knowledge of the emissions of transformation products over time is scarce. Combining field-and lab-scale experiments, we showed that solar irradiation on facades controls the formation of transformation products and can be used with runoff volume to estimate the long-term emissions of terbutryn transformation products from facades. The slow (t 1/2 > 90 d) photodegradation of terbutryn in paint under environmental conditions was associated with insignificant carbon isotope fractionation (Δδ 13 C < 2 ‰) and caused 20% higher emission of terbutryn-sulfoxide than terbutryn in leachates from facades. This indicated continuous terbutryn diffusion toward the paint surface, which favored terbutryn photodegradation and the concomitant formation of transformation products over time. The emissions of terbutryn transformation products (77 mg m −2 ) in facade leachates, modeled based on irradiation and facade runoff, were predicted to exceed those of terbutryn (42 mg m −2 ) by nearly 2-fold after eight years. Overall, this study provides a framework to estimate and account for the long-term emissions of biocide transformation products from building facades to improve the assessment of environmental risks.

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Modelling the environmental fate and behavior of biocides used in façades covered with mortars and plasters and their transformation products

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Rapid plant uptake of isothiazolinone biocides and formation of metabolites by hydroponic Arabidopsis

Rapid plant uptake of isothiazolinone biocides and formation of metabolites by hydroponic Arabidopsis

Entwicklung eines Modells zur Bewertung der Umwelteigenschaften üblicher Putze und Mörtel

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

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