Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

Abstract

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CFD analysis of the fluid flow behavior in a reverse electrodialysis stack

“…In accordance with the results obtained by this process simulator, a bad flow rates distribution leads to a reduction of the power density, especially at low overall flow rates [4].…”

“…Notably, the flow rates distribution may affect the total SGP-RE process performance: in this regard, the results provided by the present CFD simulation were used as input data for a process simulator [4]. In accordance with the results obtained by this process simulator, a bad flow rates distribution leads to a reduction of the power density, especially at low overall flow rates [4].…”

“…by including a spacer within the channel). In addition, flow rates distribution within a stack of 100 up to 1,000 channels represents an issue which cannot be neglected [3,4]. All these aspects confirm the need to investigate the fluid flow of SGP-RE apparatuses by a powerful tool as the CFD.…”

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

“…The application of SGP techniques to artificially produced concentration differences has been limited, up to now, by the recovery of by-products of other processes [30,31] or even wastes, such as CO 2 [32]. Recently, it has also been proposed to use an SGP device in a closed cycle in which the concentration difference is obtained by means of distillation [4,5]; see Figure 1.…”

CFD prediction of scalar transport in thin channels for reverse electrodialysis

“…As anticipated in the former section, only two scalars (A and C) were modelled in order to simplify the CFD simulations. Real salt solutions (as the seawater), presenting a number of ionic species, are commonly studied in the literature as solutions containing NaCl only, both in experimental and in modelling works [44][45][46]. Thus, scalar A is defined as a somewhat "fictitious" chloride anion representing all the anionic species present in the brine as a whole; similarly, scalar C is a "fictitious" sodium cation representing all the positive ions.…”