Modelling US tourism demand for European destinations

Modelling substitution between domestic and outbound tourism in Australia: A system-of-equations approach

“…In addition, the homogeneity and symmetry restrictions of demand theory can be tested within the AIDS framework. Applications of AIDS modelling in tourism studies have largely been of a static form (from here on referred to as STATIC-AIDS), in which case the results can be interpreted as the longrun behaviour of tourism demand if the cointegration relationship holds (see De Mello, Park, & Sinclair, 2002, Han, Durbarry, & Sinclair, 2006, Papatheodorou, 1999). …”

“…The applications of AIDS models in international tourism studies can be broadly grouped into two types of demand analyses: (a) tourists' expenditure allocation among a number of selected international destinations (e.g., De Mello et al, 2002, Han et al, 2006, Papatheodorou, 1999; (b) tourists' budget allocation among different product categories such as accommodation, food and drinks, and shopping in an outbound destination (e.g., Fujii, Khaled, & Mak, 1985, Wu et al, 2011. The substitution or complementary relationships among different outbound destinations and among different tourism product categories can be investigated through the calculated cross-price elasticities.…”

“…, and , are exchange rates against the US dollar for the destination country and the origin country; all indexed to be 100 for a given base year (e.g., Han et al, 2006). In our empirical study, the origin country i is always Australia.…”

Global Financial/Economic Crisis and Tourist Arrival Forecasts for Hong Kong

“…A large body of literature investigating tourism demand suggests that dummy variables can be used to capture the influence of such one-off events as the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 on tourism demand (see, for example, Witt et al, 2003;Han et al, 2006). In addition, certain regional and country-specific events, such as the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the SARS epidemic in 2003, can also be accounted for using the dummy variable approach.…”

Determinants of Demand for Foreign Tourism in Indonesia

“…Kulendran and Drivisekera (2007) examined the effects of marketing expenditure on tourism demand for Australia using the ARDL model, and the results show that both the 'word-of-mouth effect' and visitor's satisfaction arrives to repeat visits also play an important role in promoting international tourist arrivals to Australia. Han et al (2006) used an almost ideal demand system model to investigate the US tourism demand for several European countries and they found an increase in prices in France results in an increase in US tourists' demand for Italy, indicating that France and Italy was considered substitutable by US visitors. Ouerfelli (2008) used the error correction models to estimate the long-run tourism demand elasticities from the several European countries to Tunisia.…”