This paper reviews the published studies on tourism demand modelling and forecasting since 2000. One of the key findings of this review is that the methods used in analysing and forecasting the demand for tourism have been more diverse than those identified by other review articles. In addition to the most popular time series and econometric models, a number of new techniques have emerged in the literature. However, as far as the forecasting accuracy is concerned, the study shows that there is no single model that consistently outperforms others models in all situations. Furthermore, this study identifies some new research directions, which include improving the forecasting accuracy through forecast combination; integrating both qualitative and quantitative forecasting approaches, tourism cycles and seasonality analysis, crisis impact assessment and risk forecasting.

Eighty-four post-1990 empirical studies of international tourism demand modeling and forecasting using econometric approaches are reviewed. New developments are identified and it is shown that applications of advanced econometric methods improve the understanding of international tourism demand. An examination of the 22 studies which compare forecasting performance suggests that no single forecasting method can outperform the alternatives in all cases. However, the timevarying parameter (TVP) model and structural time series model with causal variables perform consistently well.

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This paper seeks to review current research on supply chain management (SCM) within the context of tourism. SCM in the manufacturing industry has attracted widespread research interests over the past two decades while SCM studies in the tourism industry are very limited. Stakeholders in the tourism industry interact with each other to resolve their divergent business objectives with different operating scopes. The potential benefit of considering not only individual enterprises but also the tourism value chain becomes evident.The paper examines the characteristics of tourism products, identifies and explores core issues and concepts in tourism supply chains (TSC) and tourism supply chain management (TSCM). While the literature on TSCM or its equivalents emerges recently, the progress is variable with most research being focused on distribution and marketing activities, without fully considering the whole range of different suppliers involved in the provision and consumption of tourism products. This paper provides a systematic review of current tourism studies from the TSCM perspective and develops a framework for TSCM research which should be of great value not only to those who wish to extend their research into this new and exciting area, but also to tourism and hospitality decision makers. The paper also identifies key research questions in TSCM worthy of future theoretical and empirical explorations.

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