Models of anxiety: Responses of rats to novelty in an open space and an enclosed space

Ennaceur, Abdelkader; Michalíková, S.; Chazot, Paul L.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.03.016

Cited by 101 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Since activity in the centre of an enclosed open field is thought to be an indication of anxiety levels (Ennaceur et al, 2006), "anxious" animals will spend more time in the peripheral zones and less in the central one (Clement and Chapouthier, 1998). High centre responders may then be considered to be less anxious than low centre responders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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Conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization are rodent behavioral models commonly used to investigate the actions of drugs of abuse. However, few studies have examined both paradigms in the same group of animals. We were interested in developing a combined protocol which successfully induced both conditioned place preference and sensitization simultaneously in cocainetreated Sprague Dawley rats in order to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of these two phenomena would be positively correlated. We used an open-field with a removable place preference insert to assess these measures independently. Cocaine-conditioned animals demonstrated a significant shift in preference for the drug-paired compartment and a sensitized locomotor response which was not observed in saline-conditioned animals challenged with cocaine. There was no significant relationship between locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual animals. We further examined these results with respect to each rats' initial response to cocaine, response to a novel environment and central zone entries in an open-field. Locomotor sensitization demonstrated an inverse correlation with the initial cocaine response. In contrast, conditioned place preference demonstrated an inverse correlation with the centre response. These results demonstrate that the combination of the acute cocaine response and the centre response in a novel open field environment can be used to indicate the propensity of a given rat to exhibit either behavioral sensitization or conditioned place preference; however, it seems that sensitization and place preference are not necessarily co-expressed to a similar extent in the same individual animal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Seymour

Wagner

2008

Brain Research

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“…Sniffi ng or touching the object with the nose while running around the object was considered the criterion for interaction. More time interacting with the new object reflects less anxiety and higher exploration-derived behavior [29] .…”

Section: Simple Novelty Object Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of testosterone and estradiol on anxiety and depressive-like behavior via a non-genomic pathway

et al. 2015

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Besides their known slow genomic effects, testosterone and estradiol have rapid effects in the brain. However, their impact on mood-related behavior is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-genomic pathway of testosterone and estradiol in the amygdala in relation to anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Sham-operated and gonadectomized male rats (GDX) supplemented with testosterone propionate, estradiol, or olive oil were used. Five minutes after administration, anxiety and depression-like behavior were tested. Estradiol increased anxiolytic behavior in the open-field test compared to the GDX group, but administration of testosterone had no significant effect. Besides, c-Fos expression in the medial nucleus of the amygdala significantly increased after testosterone treatment compared to the GDX group, while no significant difference was observed in the central and the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala in the testosterone-treated group compared to the GDX group. In conclusion, estradiol had an anxiolytic effect via a rapid pathway, but no rapid effect of testosterone on anxiety was found. Further studies elucidating whether the rapid effect is mediated by a non-genomic pathway are needed.

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“…One caveat is that 10E rats showed increased locomotion within the inner zone during the open field compared to O and 5E groups, which was used as an index of anxiety (Bowman et al, 2002). However, preference for the outer zone was recently suggested to reflect thigmotaxia, not less anxiety per se (Ennaceur et al, 2006). Moreover, increased exploration of the inner zone may reflect estradiol-induced increases in locomotor activity in general (Scimonelli et al, 1999;Steiner et al, 1981).…”

Section: Effects Of Intermittent Estradiol Treatment On Hippocampal Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of estradiol influence on spatial tasks and hippocampal CA1 spines: Evidence that the duration of hormone deprivation after ovariectomy compromises 17β-estradiol effectiveness in altering CA1 spines

McLaughlin

Bimonte‐Nelson

Neisewander

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

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Two pulses of 17β-estradiol (10µg) are commonly used to increase hippocampal CA1 apical dendritic spine density and alter spatial performance in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, but rarely are the measures combined. The goal of this study was to use this two-pulse injection protocol repeatedly with intervening wash-out periods in the same rats to: 1) measure spatial ability using different tasks that require hippocampal function and 2) determine whether ovarian hormone depletion for an extended 10-week period reduces 17β-estradiol's effectiveness in elevating CA1 apical dendritic spine density. Results showed that two injections of 10µg 17β-estradiol (72 and 48 hrs prior to testing and timed to maximize CA1 apical spine density at behavioral assessment) corresponded to improved spatial memory performance on object placement. In contrast, two injections of 5µg 17β-estradiol facilitated spatial learning on the water maze compared to rats given two injections of 10µg 17β-estradiol or the sesame oil vehicle. Neither 17β-estradiol dose altered Y-maze performance. As expected, the intermittent two-pulse injection protocol increased CA1 apical spine density, but ten weeks of OVX without estradiol treatment decreased the effectiveness of 10µg 17β-estradiol to increase CA1 apical spine density. Moreover, two pulses of 5µg 17β-estradiol injected intermittently failed to alter CA1 apical spine density and decreased basal spine density. These results demonstrate that extended time without ovarian hormones reduces 17β-estradiol's effectiveness to increase CA1 apical spine density. Collectively, these findings highlight the complex interactions among estradiol, CA1 spine density/morphology, and task requirements, all of which contribute to behavioral outcomes.

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Models of anxiety: Responses of rats to novelty in an open space and an enclosed space

Cited by 101 publications

References 181 publications

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Simultaneous expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in individual rats

Effects of testosterone and estradiol on anxiety and depressive-like behavior via a non-genomic pathway

Assessment of estradiol influence on spatial tasks and hippocampal CA1 spines: Evidence that the duration of hormone deprivation after ovariectomy compromises 17β-estradiol effectiveness in altering CA1 spines

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