Models of disturbance driven dynamics in the West Carpathian spruce forests

Holeksa, Jan; Jaloviar, Peter; Kucbel, Stanislav; Saniga, Milan; Svoboda, Miroslav; Szewczyk, Janusz; Szwagrzyk, Jerzy; Zielonka, Tomasz; Żywiec, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.026

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Another possible cause of negative density‐dependent effects of fruit crop is resource limitation, which is known to influence flower and fruit production in numerous species (Crone & Rapp, ), including rowan (Sperens, ). In subalpine spruce forest, rowan lives in a severe climate with a short growing season (Holeksa et al., ), where resources are often limited, it can be especially important during heavy‐crop years and in tree aggregations where intraspecific competition is heightened. The severe climatic conditions can also increase inter‐annual variation of pollinator abundance and activity, leading to temporal variation of the quality and quantity of pollen (Theobald, Gabrielyan, & HilleRisLambers, ; Valverde, Gómez, & Perfectti, ) and partly explaining the documented inter‐annual variation of DDD effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tree stands in the studied forest are composed of Picea abies , with scattered groups of S. aucuparia . The share of rowan usually is below 5% in terms of number of trees, with local density of 9.0–13.6 trees/ha (Holeksa et al., ; J. Holeksa, M. Żywiec, unpubl. data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small rowan thickets are a dynamic component of the forest. They occur in spruce stand gaps that open as a result of bark beetle outbreaks or windstorms (Holeksa et al., ; Żywiec & Ledwoń, ). The climate of the study site is cool, with mean annual temperature of 3.3°C, mean annual rainfall of 147 cm and a snow‐free period of 7 months (Obrębska‐Starkel, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Raspé et al., ). Sorbus aucuparia is generally considered a pioneer species which only occasionally forms pure stands and usually occurs at low density in forest (Holeksa et al., ; Żywiec & Ledwoń, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long‐term density‐dependent reproductive success

et al. 2017

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The level of reproductive investment and density‐ and distance‐dependent (DDD) processes are major determinants of plant reproductive output. The reproductive investment of a plant population varies temporally, but whether and how DDD processes are affected by population‐level reproductive investment is a puzzle. We used a spatially explicit approach in order to examine DDD effects on Sorbus aucuparia crop sizes for a continuous period of 16 years. Our special interest was to investigate whether and how DDD processes affect long‐term individual plant reproductive success (PRS) and whether such processes vary between years of relatively high and low population‐level reproductive investment, measured as fruit crop size. Our study revealed that DDD processes of fruit crop relate to population‐level reproductive investment. In most years, including all years with low and most years with moderate reproductive investment, no positive or negative DDD was found for PRS. However, significant negative density‐dependent effects were found during most years of high and some years of moderate reproductive investment. During these years, the individual reproductive success decreased with increasing density of conspecifics. The overall accumulated long‐term negative density‐dependent pattern of PRS was determined by few sporadic years of high reproductive investment, rather than by the most frequent years of low or moderate reproductive investment, when the DDD effects were usually weak. Synthesis. Our study highlights the ecological relevance of relatively infrequent processes which affect plant reproductive success, stressing thus the importance of long‐term ecological research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long‐term density‐dependent reproductive success

et al. 2017

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“…Sapling density was 92 ha −1 in 1993, and ten years later it was 131 ha −1 . The plot is representative of the subalpine spruce forests in this area (Holeksa et al 2017).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐trophic plant–animal interactions mediate positive density dependence among conspecific saplings

Żywiec

Fedriani

Kurek

et al. 2019

Oikos

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Trophic plant-animal interactions (e.g. browsing by ungulates, insect attack) are an important and well-studied source of mortality in many tree populations. Non-trophic tree-animal interactions (e.g. deer antler rubbing) also frequently lead to tree death, and thus have significant effects on forest ecosystem functioning, but they are much less well studied than trophic interactions are. As deer populations have increased in recent decades in the Northern Hemisphere, their impact on tree populations via browsing and antler rubbing will increase. The aim of the study was to illustrate the potential ability of non-trophic plant-animal interactions to regulate the dynamics of a natural forest. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether and how density and distance-dependent processes affect sapling mortality caused by an antler rubbing by red deer Cervus elaphus. We used a spatially explicit approach to examine density and distance-dependent mortality effects in almost two thousand Picea abies saplings over 20 years, based on a fully mapped permanent 14.4 ha plot in a natural subalpine oldgrowth spruce forest. Antler rubbing by deer was the main identified cause of sapling mortality, and it showed a strong spatial pattern: positive density dependence of survival among spruce saplings. Deer selectively killed spruce saplings that were isolated from conspecifics. In consequence, non-trophic plant-deer interactions were a major driver of the spatial pattern of P. abies sapling survival. The other mortality causes (e.g. breaking, overturning) did not show density-dependent patterns or their effects were much weaker. In the medium and long term, the density-dependent pattern of sapling mortality due to antler rubbing can alter the tree stand structure. Our results highlight the ecological relevance of non-trophic plant-animal interactions for forest ecosystem functioning.

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The Impact of Climate Change on Forest Tree Species Dieback and Changes in Their Distribution

Pietrzykowski

Woś

2021

Soil Biology

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Models of disturbance driven dynamics in the West Carpathian spruce forests

Cited by 45 publications

References 40 publications

Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long‐term density‐dependent reproductive success

Rare events of massive plant reproductive investment lead to long‐term density‐dependent reproductive success

Non‐trophic plant–animal interactions mediate positive density dependence among conspecific saplings

The Impact of Climate Change on Forest Tree Species Dieback and Changes in Their Distribution

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