Models of Visceral Pain: Colorectal Distension (CRD)

Abstract

The visceromotor response to balloon distension of the colon is a robust behavioral model of visceral nociception in rodents and is ideally suited for studying the visceral antinociceptive activity of drugs. This unit describes, in detail, quantification of this response with the use of electromyography in both rats and mice.

Colonic overexpression of the T‐type calcium channel Cav3.2 in a mouse model of visceral hypersensitivity and in irritable bowel syndrome patients

“…S1). Visceromotor responses were quantitated as the area under the electromyogram activity curve during the 10 s stimulation period minus the area measured during the 10 s baseline …”

Effect of genetic background and postinfectious stress on visceral sensitivity in Citrobacter rodentium‐infected mice

“…The telemetric transmitter was inserted in the abdominal cavity, the electrodes were tunneled through the abdominal wall using a 18G needle (Terumo Europe n.v., Leuven, Belgium) and the non‐insulated tips were sutured in parallel (±5 mm apart) into the left external abdominal oblique muscle. After surgery, mice recovered for 12 h on a heating pad where after they were left undisturbed for 10 consecutive days . The radio telemetry experimental setup for measurement of the VMR to colorectal distension (CRD) in mice was adapted from Ref.…”

The effect of FAAH, MAGL, and Dual FAAH/MAGL inhibition on inflammatory and colorectal distension‐induced visceral pain models in Rodents

“…The writhing test is the most commonly used animal model for the evaluation of acute inflammatory visceral pain and is based on measuring the occurrence, per unit of time, of abdominal cramps resulting from the injection of the algogenic agent into the peritoneal area. The visceromotor response (VMR) to balloon distension of the colon is a robust behavioral model of visceral nociception in rodents and is ideally suited for studying the visceral antinociceptive activity of drugs . To the best of our knowledge, there is no study assessing comparable dose‐dependent effect of FAAH, MAGL, dual FAAH, and MAGL inhibitors on visceral pain.…”