Moderate Level Alcohol During Pregnancy, Prenatal Stress, or Both and Limbic‐Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis Response to Stress in Rhesus Monkeys

Schneider, Mary L.; Moore, Colleen F.; Kraemer, Gary W.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00656.x

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In rats, although large component of the brain develops later on postnatal period (Dobbing & Sands, 1979), maternal stress can also affect HPA axis activity as the same as shown in Rhesus macaques (Schneider et al, 2004), guinea pigs (Kapoor & Matthews, 2011) and mice (Schmidt et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Maternal Water Deprivation Affects the Spermatogenesis of the Offspring Rats

2013

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SUMMARY:Prenatal stresses such as water deprivation affect developmental process of embryo. This study evaluated the effects of water deprivation in pregnant mother on histological parameters of testis of offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups (control and experimental). In experimental animals, water was removed from the ewes for 48h at the end of third trimester of gestation (19-21th days). Histopathology and histomorphic analysis and also TUNEL assay on offspring's testes were performed at pubertal age (60 days). The sperm motility either compared between two groups. The results showed that prenatal water deprivation induced histopathological alteration such as epithelium vacuolization, sloughing and detachments (P<0.01). Morphometrical data showed that prenatal water deprivation decreased tubular diameter and reduce epithelium height (P<0.01). Johnsen's score showed poor spermatogenesis in experimental group (P=0.001). The percent of germ cell apoptosis was increased in offspring's testes of rats born to mothers exposed to stress during pregnancy (P=0.000). The increased number of Multinucleated cells in the seminiferous lumen (P=0.000) in parallel with decreased number of sertoli cells (P=0.03) showed adverse effect of prenatal water deprivation on blood testis barrier. Present study revealed that prenatal water deprivation had injurious effect on developmental process of testes that affects on both germ cells and sertoli cells and had noxious effect on sperm parameters. These data confirm that prenatal stress disrupts normal spermatogenesis of offspring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Maternal Water Deprivation Affects the Spermatogenesis of the Offspring Rats

2013

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“…These animals are reported to be more resistant to handling attempts by researchers (Schneider, Moore, & Kraemer, 2004). Additionally, there may be a threshold in the amount of stimulation that is beneficial in prenatally stressed animals, and our eight stimulations per day may actually be perceived as aversive.…”

Section: Interaction Between Prenatal and Postnatal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adversity alters attention and locomotion in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Burton¹,

Lovic²,

Fleming³

2006

Behavioral Neuroscience

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This study investigated the effects of prenatal stress and its interaction with artificial rearing (AR) on adult rat behavior. Pregnant dams underwent restraint stress from Gestational Day 10 to 21. After parturition, pups were raised by their mothers or in the AR paradigm, with or without stroking stimulation. In adulthood, rats were tested on prepulse inhibition (PPI), locomotor activity, elevated plus-maze, and spatial working memory. There were main effects and interactions of both prenatal stress and AR on activity. Additional stimulation reduced activity in nonstressed AR rats but increased activity in prenatally stressed AR rats. AR altered PPI and plus-maze behavior whereas additional stimulation partially reversed these effects. This study demonstrates that prenatal experiences can modulate the effects of postnatal treatments.

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“…During the first month of life, they were separated from their mothers weekly and tested for neonatal neurobehavioral function . At 6 months, they were separated from their mothers for weaning and then reared in mixed-sex peer groups consisting of 5 -6 monkeys from similar prenatal conditions (Schneider et al, 2004). At the time of the present study, the animals were pair-housed with same-sex peers from similar treatment groups.…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second goal was to examine whether prenatal exposure to alcohol, stress, or both would alter withdrawal responses (aversion) to repeated tactile stimulation in rhesus monkeys. Our studies to date indicate that rhesus infants from both prenatal stressand prenatal alcohol-exposed pregnancies exhibited reduced neonatal orienting and motor maturity (Schneider, 1992;Schneider, Moore, & Becker, 2001;Schneider, Roughton, & Lubach, 1997), increased stress hormone reactivity (Clarke, Wittwer, Abbott, & Schneider, 1994;Schneider, Moore, & Kraemer, 2004), learning deficits (Schneider, Moore, & Kraemer, 2001), and altered striatal DA system function (Roberts et al, 2004;Schneider et al, 2005). …”

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confidence: 99%

Sensory Processing Disorder in a Primate Model: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Alcohol and Prenatal Stress Effects

et al. 2008

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Disrupted sensory processing, characterized by over-or underresponsiveness to environmental stimuli, has been reported in children with a variety of developmental disabilities. This study examined the effects of prenatal stress and moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure on tactile sensitivity and its relationship to striatal dopamine system function in thirty-eight 5-to 7-year-old rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were from four experimental conditions: (a) prenatal alcohol exposed, (b) prenatal stress, (c) prenatal alcohol exposed + prenatal stress, and (d) sucrose controls. Increased D 2 receptor binding in the striatum, evaluated using positron emission tomography neuroimaging, was related to increased withdrawal (aversion) responses to repetitive tactile stimuli and reduced habituation across trials. Moreover, prenatal stress significantly increased overall withdrawal responses to repetitive tactile stimulation compared to no prenatal stress.Sensory processing disorders, characterized by under-or overresponsiveness to sensory stimulation that most individuals perceive as harmless (Ayres & Robbins, 1979) NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript estimated to occur in 5% of the general population (Ahn, Miller, Milberger, & McIntosh, 2004) and seem to pose a unique challenge for people with developmental disabilities (Baranek, 2002), including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fragile X syndrome, and other developmental disabilities (Ayres & Tickle, 1980;Baranek, 1999;Baranek & Berkson, 1994;Baranek, Foster, & Berkson, 1997;Cermak & Daunhauer, 1997;Grandin, 1992;Kinnealey, 1973;Larson, 1982;Mangeot et al., 2001;Miller et al., 1999). Understanding the neurobiological processes associated with sensory processing disruptions is important to developing appropriate preventative and intervention approaches.This study examined whether disrupted sensory processing occurs in monkeys as a result of prenatal exposure to alcohol and/or stress, and if so, whether it would be associated with dopamine functioning in the striatum assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging. We employed a primate model for these studies because in human studies causal conclusions are difficult to reach due to confounding variables. Even with the best statistical analyses it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate completely the effects of variables associated with alcohol use, such as psychological stress, tobacco use, or chaotic home life, from the effects of fetal alcohol exposure per se. Nonhuman primates also have the advantage of gestation characteristics and early development similar to the human, and their shorter life span makes longitudinal studies somewhat easier to conduct. Rhesus monkeys were used because of the large amount of available data on their behavior and development in laboratory settings (Harlow & Harlow, 1969;Suomi, 1997) A. Jean Ayres (1964), an occupational therapist and educational psychologist, coined the term "tactile defensiveness" t...

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Moderate Level Alcohol During Pregnancy, Prenatal Stress, or Both and Limbic‐Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis Response to Stress in Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 60 publications

References 103 publications

Maternal Water Deprivation Affects the Spermatogenesis of the Offspring Rats

Maternal Water Deprivation Affects the Spermatogenesis of the Offspring Rats

Early adversity alters attention and locomotion in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Sensory Processing Disorder in a Primate Model: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Alcohol and Prenatal Stress Effects

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