Moderating factors of the association between being sexually solicited by adults and active online sexual behaviors in adolescents

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

“…To understand this result, it should be remembered that this factor is formed of three risky sexting behaviors and three more on interacting with someone you have met online. As Calvete et al (2021) suggest, adolescents who carry out sexual harassment online may have learned to normalizing these behaviors by online interaction with strangers who perpetrate sexual solicitations as part of their persuasion strategy, justifying and portraying online sexual behaviors as natural. The results of the study carried out in Spain by Ferragut et al (2021) on child sexual abuse remembered by adults aged 18–74 reflect a high prevalence (24.5%) of exposure to pornographic material by adults during male childhood, higher than that observed among women (12.4%), results that help explain a greater tendency toward normalization of these behaviors among boys, as also found in Calvete et al (2021) .…”

“…As Calvete et al (2021) suggest, adolescents who carry out sexual harassment online may have learned to normalizing these behaviors by online interaction with strangers who perpetrate sexual solicitations as part of their persuasion strategy, justifying and portraying online sexual behaviors as natural. The results of the study carried out in Spain by Ferragut et al (2021) on child sexual abuse remembered by adults aged 18–74 reflect a high prevalence (24.5%) of exposure to pornographic material by adults during male childhood, higher than that observed among women (12.4%), results that help explain a greater tendency toward normalization of these behaviors among boys, as also found in Calvete et al (2021) . Therefore, programs aimed at adolescents to prevent violence against women need to include activities that foster the rejection of behaviors that lead to sexual harassment online, inculcating the idea that it can seriously damage the women subjected to this type of conduct.…”

“…Based on these results, it is no surprise that studies on sexual harassment online in adolescents have multiplied in recent times, with findings that suggest it is one of most commonly perpetuated abuses, and that girls are the victims in the vast majority of cases ( Baumgartner et al, 2010 ; Calvete et al, 2021 ; Díaz-Aguado et al, 2021 ; Mishna et al, 2021 ). This over-representation of girls among the victims of sexual harassment online leads us to consider it as a new form of violence against women (SHOAW), according to the definition of violence against women adopted by the Council of Europe (2011) .…”

“…Sexual harassment against women (SHAW) seems to be closely related to other forms of violence (as bullying) and risk behaviors that include browsing high risk websites and interacting with someone they have met online ( Ybarra et al, 2007 ; Chang et al, 2016 ; Calvete et al, 2021 ).…”

Typology of Victimization against Women on Adolescent Girls in Three Contexts: Dating Offline, Dating Online, and Sexual Harassment Online

“…This is probably because such a new form of sexual abuse is suffered online, and teenagers use digital devices more frequently than previous generations. The relevance of this new problem has boosted research on adolescent sexual harassment online in the last decade, underlining that it is one of the most frequent abuses, and that girls are the victims in the majority of cases [ 4 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. According to the Council of Europe’s definition of violence against women, such over-representation of girls among the victims of sexual harassment online leads its definition as a new form of violence against women [ 36 ].…”