Modern environmental technologies of healthy soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides

Abstract

Object of research: to systematize (taking into account the possible consequences to biosphere) the known technologies for ecological restoration of soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides. Only a healing technology should be recognized as one possible methodology for solving any soil problems. For soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides healing patterns is conceptually ordered into the following levels: mission, strategy, technology. The mission of healthy soil should be aimed at maintaining the chemical elements content within the optimum interval. The strategy of healthy soil involves the regulation of individual elements content in the soil. Ex-situ a soil healing technology is implemented outside the original pollution site. In-situ, a soil healing technology is carried out directly on the original pollution site. Excavation of the contaminated soil layer is the first stage for ex-situ soil restoration. In the future it will be possible: 1) storage of contaminated soil at special landfills, 2) treatment of contaminated soil at a special reactor. All technologies for in-situ healthy of heavy metals contaminated soils can be ordered as: 1) localization, 2) deconcentration, 3) inactivation, 4) extraction.

Assesment of heavy metals concentration in initial soils of post-mining landscapes in Kryvyi Rih District (Ukraine)

“…In Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Mining & Metallurgical District (central part of Ukraine) the waste rock dumps spread over an area of 7.10*10 3 ha (accounts for 15.96 % of the Ukraine dumps area). Finally, the waste rock dumps cause a wide range of environmental social and problems around the world in Ukraine and in Kryvyi Rih District (Bielyk et al, 2020;Gryshko et al, 2012;Savosko, 2016;Savosko, Tovstolyak, 2017;Savosko et al, 2020a). Therefore, it is essential., to carry out and adopt an effective system for stabilization of the waste rock dumps area and better environmental protection of the surrounding areas.…”

“…Different approaches to stabilization of waste rock dumps areas have been tested, including remediation, restoration, rehabilitation and reclamation. At this time, many authors noted that remediation, restoration and rehabilitation are all aspects of reclamation (de San Miguel et al, 2019;Savosko et al, 2020a;Zhukov et al, 2021;Zverkovskyy et al, 2018). We also need to emphasize that the reclamation of the dumps is very costly and often ecologically insufficient in the post-mining landscapes where natural revegetation had been started.…”

Woody artificial plantations as a significant factor of the sustainable development at mining & metallurgical area

“…In addition, natural and artificial forests reduce levels of soil and groundwater pollution, prevent the spread of water and wind erosion. When creating artificial woody plantations at Kryvyi Rih area taking into account the levels of soil pollution by heavy metals and their biogeochemical features is very important [2,7,22,24]. anthropogenic assessment factors…”

Understanding and attitude toward upcycling according to the survey of students of various specialities

“…An increase in the load on the environment and nature as a whole accompanies the development of industrial technologies and the constant growth of production volumes. Destruction of forests [2,3], pollution of water [4,5], soil and plants [6,7] for some time was considered as an undesirable but inevitable price for rapid economic growth.…”