Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis

Abstract

Today, a wide variety of techniques is available for the preparation of (semi-) solid, liquid and gaseous samples, prior to their instrumental analysis by means of capillary gas chromatography (GC) or, increasingly, comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC 9 GC). In the past two decades, a large number of 'modern' sample-preparation techniques has been introduced, which have partly superseded their 'classical' counterparts. These novel techniques include off-line and on-line (sometimes semi-or fully automated) procedures, and exhaustive extraction as well as equilibrium techniques. In order to improve overall performance, aspects such as essentially organic solvent-less approaches, large-volume injection and miniaturization receive increasing attention. In most recent applications, mass spectrometric or element-selective detection have been used. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages, and relative performance, of most of the modern samplepreparation techniques and cites a number of illustrative applications for each of them.

Forensic Characterization of Liquor Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) – A Review

“…In purge and trap analysis, a sample is continuously purged with an inert gas, and volatiles are transported from the sample to a trap with sufficiently high retention power. After purging, the trap is heated and the trapped volatiles are released onto a GC column [27,28]. Using purge and trap extraction, Mamede and Pastore extracted 25 volatile components in the aroma of the Chardonnay and Pinot Noir fermented grape musts [29].…”

“…Therefore, the SPME is often used in combination with headspace [26,27,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. The most common fiber used is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [19,24,30,36,[40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

“…Once the equilibrium is reached, the magnetic stir bar is first rinsed with distilled water to remove the excess of the sample adhering to the outer surface of the magnetic bar. Then, the magnetic bar is placed on the liner of thermal or liquid desorption system to enable GC analysis [27,46]. This extraction technique is new, and its application in the field of beverage analysis is yet to be explored.…”

Possibilities of utilization of modern sample preparation methods for gas chromatographic analysis of beverages and especially beer. Part II. - Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction.

“…polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky nebo polychlorované bifenyly se do vzorku přidává okolo 10 % obj. organiky, aby se minimalizovala adsorpce na stěnách [10].…”

Environmental risk assessment of pesticides in Ethiopia : a case of surface water systems

“…For all 15 samples, quality control was implemented, to keep the laboratory assessment free from unnecessary interference and cross-contamination (Adeyemi et al 2011;Kashyap et al 2005). A simple liquid/liquid extraction method followed by a solid phase extraction florisil clean-up was used (Żwir-Ferenc and Biziuk 2006;De Koning et al 2009;Awofolu and Fatoki 2003). Analysis was performed by screening for the 18 OCPs using a gas chromatograph (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) (Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA).…”