Modern planktic foraminifers in the high-latitude ocean

Schiebel, Ralf; Spielhagen, Robert F.; Garnier, Julie; Hagemann, Julia Rieke; Howa, Hélène; Jentzen, Anna; Martínez‐García, Alfredo; Meilland, Julie; Michel, Élisabeth; Repschläger, Janne; Salter, Ian; Yamasaki, Makoto; Haug, Gerald H.

doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2017.08.004

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…pachyderma may avoid low salinities and preferentially occur deeper in the water column when the surface is fresh (Volkmann, 2000, see also the discussion in Schiebel et al, 2017). Like Carstens and Wefer (1992), we did not find a significant correlation between surface salinity and DH indicating that the inferred response of N. pachyderma to surface layer freshening only applies to situations where the salinity reaches values below 30 PSU (below the limit covered by the observations in our compilation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Greco¹,

Jonkers²,

Kretschmer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is the dominant species in the polar regions. In the northern high latitude ocean, it makes up more than 90&#8201;% of the total planktonic foraminifera assemblages, making it the dominant pelagic calcifier and carrier of paleoceanographic proxies. To assess the reaction of this species to future climate change and to be able to interpret the paleoecological signal contained in its shells, its habitat depth must be known. Previous work showed that N. pachyderma in the northern polar regions has a highly variable depth habitat, ranging from the surface mixed layer to several hundreds of metres below the surface, and the origin of this variability remained unclear. In order to investigate the factors controlling the habitat depth of N. pachyderma, we compiled new and existing population density profiles from 104 stratified plankton tow hauls collected in the Arctic and the North Atlantic Oceans during 14 oceanographic expeditions. For each vertical profile, the Depth Habitat (DH) was calculated as the abundance-weighted mean depth of occurrence. We then tested to what degree environmental factors (mixed layer depth, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, Chlorophyll a concentration and sea ice concentration) and ecological factors (synchronised reproduction and daily vertical migration) can predict the observed DH variability and compared the observed DH behaviour with simulations by a numerical model predicting planktonic foraminifera distribution. Our data show that the DH of N. pachyderma varies between 25&#8201;m and 280&#8201;m (average ~&#8201;100&#8201;m). In contrast with the model simulations, which indicate that DH is associated with the depth of chlorophyll maximum, our analysis indicates that the presence of sea-ice together with the concentration of chlorophyll at the surface have the strongest influence on the vertical habitat of this species. N. pachyderma occurs deeper when sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations are low, suggesting a time transgressive response to the evolution of (near) surface conditions during the annual cycle. Since only surface parameters appear to affect the vertical habitat of N. pachyderma, light or light-dependant processes might influence the ecology of this species. Our results can be used to improve predictions of the response of the species to climate change and thus to refine paleoclimatic reconstructions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Greco¹,

Jonkers²,

Kretschmer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…A submersible fluorospectrometer (bbe Moldaenke GmbH) was used for the stations MSM09/457, MSM09/458, MSM09/460, and MSM09/462 to obtain vertical profiles of algae pigment concentrations from the surface to 300 m depth (Kucera et al, 2014). For the remaining profiles from the literature, physical oceanographic data and chlorophyll a concentration profiles for each station were, if available, obtained from CTD profiles retrieved from the PANGAEA data repository using the R package "pangaear" (Simpson and Chamberlain, 2018;R Core Team, 2017). Sea surface parameters, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and surface chlorophyll concentration, were obtained from CTD profiles and Niskin bottles by averaging all the values from the first 5 m. The depth of the chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was determined from vertical profiles of chlorophyll concentration obtained from either water column profiles or discrete measurements from Niskin bottles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations

Greco¹,

Jonkers²,

Kretschmer³

et al. 2019

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is the dominant planktonic foraminifera species in the polar regions. In the northern high-latitude ocean, it makes up more than 90 % of the total assemblages, making it the dominant pelagic calcifier and carrier of paleoceanographic proxies. To assess the reaction of this species to a future shaped by climate change and to be able to interpret the paleoecological signal contained in its shells, its depth habitat must be known. Previous work showed that N. pachyderma in the northern polar regions has a highly variable depth habitat, ranging from the surface mixed layer to several hundreds of metres below the surface, and the origin of this variability remained unclear. In order to investigate the factors controlling the depth habitat of N. pachyderma, we compiled new and existing population density profiles from 104 stratified plankton tow hauls collected in the Arctic and the North Atlantic oceans during 14 oceanographic expeditions. For each vertical profile, the depth habitat (DH) was calculated as the abundance-weighted mean depth of occurrence. We then tested to what degree environmental factors (mixed-layer depth, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and sea ice concentration) and ecological factors (synchronized reproduction and daily vertical migration) can predict the observed DH variability and compared the observed DH behaviour with simulations by a numerical model predicting planktonic foraminifera distribution. Our data show that the DH of N. pachyderma varies between 25 and 280 m (average ∼100 m). In contrast with the model simulations, which indicate that DH is associated with the depth of chlorophyll maximum, our analysis indicates that the presence of sea ice together with the concentration of chlorophyll a at the surface have the strongest influence on the vertical habitat of this species. N. pachyderma occurs deeper when sea ice and chlorophyll concentrations are low, suggesting a time-transgressive response to the evolution of (near) surface conditions during the annual cycle. Since only surface parameters appear to affect the vertical habitat of N. pachyderma, light or light-dependant processes might influence the ecology of this species. Our results can be used to improve predictions of the response of the species to climate change and thus to refine paleoclimatic reconstructions.

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“…Oceanic fronts follow Orsi et al (1995). Ocean Data View software (Schlitzer, 2018) was used to generate this figure.…”

Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Southern Ocean waters are projected to undergo profound changes in their physical and chemical properties in the coming decades. Coccolithophore blooms in the Southern Ocean are thought to account for a major fraction of the global marine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and export to the deep sea. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of Southern Ocean coccolithophore populations are likely to alter the marine carbon cycle, with feedbacks to the rate of global climate change. However, the contribution of coccolithophores to CaCO3 export in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, particularly in the circumpolar subantarctic zone that represents about half of the areal extent of the Southern Ocean and where coccolithophores are most abundant. Here, we present measurements of annual CaCO3 flux and quantitatively partition them amongst coccolithophore species and heterotrophic calcifiers at two sites representative of a large portion of the subantarctic zone. We find that coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the annual CaCO3 export, with the highest contributions in waters with low algal biomass accumulations. Notably, our analysis reveals that although Emiliania huxleyi is an important vector for CaCO3 export to the deep sea, less abundant but larger species account for most of the annual coccolithophore CaCO3 flux. This observation contrasts with the generally accepted notion that high particulate inorganic carbon accumulations during the austral summer in the subantarctic Southern Ocean are mainly caused by E. huxleyi blooms. It appears likely that the climate-induced migration of oceanic fronts will initially result in the poleward expansion of large coccolithophore species increasing CaCO3 production. However, subantarctic coccolithophore populations will eventually diminish as acidification overwhelms those changes. Overall, our analysis emphasizes the need for species-centred studies to improve our ability to project future changes in phytoplankton communities and their influence on marine biogeochemical cycles.

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Modern planktic foraminifers in the high-latitude ocean

Cited by 47 publications

References 150 publications

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

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Modern planktic foraminifers in the high-latitude ocean

Cited by 47 publications

References 150 publications

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera &lt;i&gt;Neogloboquadrina pachyderma&lt;/i&gt; in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera &lt;i&gt;Neogloboquadrina pachyderma&lt;/i&gt; in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera &lt;i&gt;Neogloboquadrina pachyderma&lt;/i&gt; in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

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Resources

About

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Variable habitat depth of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentration

Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera <i>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma</i> in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations