Modern slavery and agriculture

Byrne, Richard W.; Smith, Kreseda

doi:10.4324/9781315755885-18

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The model fit indices were examined to test the overall fit of the model to the collected data. The overall model goodness of fit was assessed through the chi-squared test, supplemented by comparative fit indices (Normed Fit Index [NFI] and Comparative Fit Index [CFI]) and an absolute fit index (Goodness-of-Fit Index [GFI]; in this index, values of 0.9 or over reflect a good fit) [ 12 , 13 ]. In addition, the Root Mean Square of Approximation (RMSEA) was considered, in which values below 0.08 are considered acceptable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive predictors of cervical cancer screening’s stages of change among sample of Iranian women health volunteers: A path analysis

et al. 2018

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IntroductionThe uptake of Pap smear among Iranian women is low, resulting in a high rate of casualties from cervical cancer in Iran. The present study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Stages of Change theory as theoretical frameworks for understanding the predictors of the behaviour of Iranian Women Health Volunteers (WHVs) with respect to cervical cancer screening.MethodsData from the 1,253 WHVs were analyzed using path analysis to assess the effects of cognitive factors (including knowledge, perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, perceived severity of cervical cancer, Pap smear benefits, Pap smear barriers, and Pap smear self-efficacy) on the stages of change for Pap-smear behaviour.ResultsThe majority of the respondents (71.5%) reported that they had not taken previous Pap smear tests; only 3% had received a regular Pap test. The perceived benefits to cervical cancer screening, the perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening, and the perceived self-efficacy to perform cervical cancer screening emerged as the predictors of cervical cancer screening’s stages of change; perceived threat to cervical cancer, however, did not.DiscussionUptake of regular cervical screening for Iranian WHVs was very low. Different interventions, such as media campaigns and educational interventions could provide an opportunity to improve women's knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap test benefits, address any misconceptions or fears about the procedure of the Pap test, and finally increase the cervical screening uptake by Iranian women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive predictors of cervical cancer screening’s stages of change among sample of Iranian women health volunteers: A path analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Five of the standard goodness-of-fit statistics given in Amos were used to assess model fit i.e. root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), upper bound of 90% confidence interval (HI90), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI) and Hoelter’s .05 Index [38]. The Chi square statistic was not considered given its sensitivity to large sample sizes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Chi square statistic was not considered given its sensitivity to large sample sizes. The model fit was considered good if RMSEA< 0.05, HI90) < 0.06, TLI ≥ 0.95, CFI > 0.90 and Hoelter’s .05 Index ≥ 200 [38]. These same criteria were used in the development of the SEI-HS [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the cross-cultural validity of the Dutch version of the Social Exclusion Index for Health Surveys (SEI-HS): A mixed methods study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe recently developed Social Exclusion Index for Health Surveys (SEI-HS) revealed particularly strong social exclusion in non-Western immigrant groups compared to the native Dutch population. To qualify such results, cross-cultural validation of the SEI-HS in non-Western immigrant groups is called for.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, employing quantitative data from the Netherlands Public Health Monitor along with qualitative interviews. Data from 1,803 adults aged 19 years or older of Surinamese, 1,009 of Moroccan and 1,164 of Turkish background and 19,318 native Dutch living in the four largest cities in the Netherlands were used to test the factorial structure of the SEI-HS and differential item functioning across immigrant groups. Additionally, 52 respondents with a high score on the SEI-HS and from different background were interviewed on the item content of the SEI-HS and subjective feelings of exclusion. For each SEI-HS item the semantic, conceptual and contextual connotations were coded and compared between the immigrant groups and native Dutch.ResultsHigh levels of social exclusion were found in 20.0% of the urban population of Surinamese origin, 20.9% of Moroccan, 28.7% of Turkish and 4.2% of native Dutch origin. The 4-factor structure of the SEI-HS was confirmed in all three immigrant groups. None of the items demonstrated substantial differential item functioning in relation to immigration background. The interviews uncovered some methodological shortcomings, but these did not substantially impact the observed excess of social exclusion in immigrant groups.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence in support of the validity of the SEI-HS in adults of Surinamese, Moroccan and Turkish background and confirms the major social exclusion of these immigrant groups in the main cities in the Netherlands. Policy measures to enhance social inclusion and reduce exclusion are urgently needed.

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“…However, the property crimes intrinsically tied to rural life (such as farm crime) decidedly demonstrate the need for contextualizing property crimes in the rural. While property crimes generally involve the theft of goods such as valuable objects and money, the definition could be expanded to the organized trade of, for example, people, as much of human trafficking takes part in rural areas (see, e.g., Barrick 2016;Byrne and Smith 2016;Kumar et al 2020). Environmental crimes such as the trade of exotic or endangered species (Korsell and Hagstedt 2008;Smith and McElwee 2013) could also be considered theft of goods and property crime, but such crimes have not been explored within the scope of this study.…”

Section: Property Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the sex trafficking of women and children may be the more well-known form of human trade, there has been an increased focus on trafficking in order to exploit labor, especially within the farming industry (Barrick 2016;Brisman et al 2014;Brisman et al 2016;Byrne and Smith 2016). In fact, estimations of the composition of the forced labor industry puts the share of sex work at 22%, while 68% involves agricultural and 10%, construction and domestic work, although the likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse is high in both categories (Byrne and Smith 2016). Labor trafficking involves transporting, forcing, or coercing someone into involuntary servitude, debt bondage, or slavery, while differing from smuggling.…”

Section: Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime, Offenders, and Victims

Ceccato

Abraham

2022

SpringerBriefs in Criminology

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In this chapter, we discuss examples of crime trends in areas on rural-urban continuum in several countries, illustrating the difficulties and possible dangers of comparing between types of statistics and across countries. The types of offenders found in rural areas as well as the types of victimization that most affect those living in these areas are also discussed in this chapter, based on examples from the international literature. Victimization in rural areas includes a wide array of offenses from farm crime and environmental and wildlife offenses, to violence against women, harassment, and discrimination against minority groups, to drug and organized crime, just to name a few.

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Modern slavery and agriculture

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Cognitive predictors of cervical cancer screening’s stages of change among sample of Iranian women health volunteers: A path analysis

Cognitive predictors of cervical cancer screening’s stages of change among sample of Iranian women health volunteers: A path analysis

Evaluating the cross-cultural validity of the Dutch version of the Social Exclusion Index for Health Surveys (SEI-HS): A mixed methods study

Crime, Offenders, and Victims

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