Modern stationary phases for ion chromatography

Abstract

Due to the better understanding of the processes taking place at the surface of the stationary phases, the number of ion-exchange materials for ion chromatography (IC) has increased tremendously over recent years. As a result, the multitude of commercially available columns today with their different selectivities for anion and cation chromatography is almost confusing. Hence, the aim of this article is to describe the different principles determining selectivity and ion-exchange capacity and to classify the various ion-exchange materials accordingly. To ensure a fair comparison of these columns, the selectivity differences are illustrated by showing separations of standards rather than individual samples. Keywords Ion chromatography · Stationary phases · Support materials · Inorganic anions and cations · Organic anions and cations Anion exchangersPolymer-based anion exchangers Styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers, polymethacrylate, and polyvinyl resins are the most important organic polymers that are used as substrate materials in the manufacturing process for polymer-based anion exchangers.

Characterization of ion chromatography columns based on hydrophobicity and hydroxide eluent strength

“…(4)) and the hydrophobicity of the ion exchange site [12,13] and resin backbone [2,8]. Hydrophobicities (H Dionex ) are quoted for many commercial columns (Table 1), but it is unclear how these values are determined.…”

“…In recent years, there have been a number of articles on the improvement of IC columns. They describe the general trends in IC columns [6,7], the principles determining selectivity [3,8], or the novel stationary phases usually designed for specific applications [9,10].…”

Ion Chromatography Applications in Wastewater Analysis

“…The stationary phases used in the ion-exchange chromatography columns can be classified according to their applications and ion-exchange capacities. An overview of stationary phases used for ion chromatography is given by Weiss and Jensen [11]. Figure 1 shows a list of selected stationary phases used in ion chromatography.…”

Investigation of the thermal behavior of new silica-polymer anion exchangers

“…The silica-based anion exchangers [8,9] can be operated only in between pH 2.0-9.5 while polymeric ion exchangers are stable across the entire pH range. Thus, styrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) copolymers [10,11] and polymethacrylate resins [12,13] are the most important organic polymers used as materials in the manufacturing polymer-based anion exchangers. One of the most popular anion-exchange groups in the structure of the stationary phases used in IC are the quaternary ammonium groups [14,15].…”