Modification During Early Plant Development Promote the Evolution of Nature's Most Complex Woods

Chery, Joyce G.; Pace, Marcelo R.; Acevedo‐Rodríguez, Pedro; Specht, Chelsea D.; Rothfels, Carl J.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3471317

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The comparative framework used to study the ecology and evolution of other plant habits, such as transitions between woody and herbaceous growth forms (Carlquist, 1996;Smith and Donoghue, 2008;Tank and Olmstead, 2008), or the climbing habit (Angyalossy et al, 2012;Chery et al, 2020), can serve as a guide for future geophyte research. To study such innovations in habits and growth forms, researchers have typically taken a three-pronged approach.…”

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“…To study such innovations in habits and growth forms, researchers have typically taken a three-pronged approach. They have (1) generated a detailed understanding of plant anatomy through extensive descriptive work (Carlquist, 1996, among many others) and ensured corresponding terminology was used consistently throughout their collaborative efforts (IAWA, 1964), allowing the development of a comprehensive plant trait ontology (Lens et al, 2012); (2) built and maintained extensive tissue collections, even though those collections often require nonstandard preservation techniques (e.g., spirit collections and wood samples housed separately from herbarium sheets); and (3) employed up-to-date methods in comparative analyses to better understand the intersection of evolution and development in the context of phylogenies (Pace et al, 2009;Chery et al, 2020).…”

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Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

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Martínez‐Gómez

Howard

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Herbaceous plants collectively known as geophytes, which regrow from belowground buds, are distributed around the globe and throughout the land plant tree of life. The geophytic habit is an evolutionarily and ecologically important growth form in plants, permitting novel life history strategies, enabling the occupation of more seasonal climates, mediating interactions between plants and their water and nutrient resources, and influencing macroevolutionary patterns by enabling differential diversification and adaptation. These taxa are excellent study systems for understanding how convergence on a similar growth habit (i.e., geophytism) can occur via different morphological and developmental mechanisms. Despite the importance of belowground organs for characterizing whole-plant morphological diversity, the morphology and evolution of these organs have been vastly understudied with most research focusing on only a few crop systems. Here, we clarify the terminology commonly used (and sometimes misused) to describe geophytes and their underground organs and highlight key evolutionary patterns of the belowground morphology of geophytic plants. Additionally, we advocate for increasing resources for geophyte research and implementing standardized ontological definitions of geophytic organs to improve our understanding of the factors controlling, promoting, and maintaining geophyte diversity.

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Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

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Martínez‐Gómez

Howard

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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“…Notably, wood formation has undergone extensive modification during angiosperm evolution (Spicer & Groover, 2010). The mechanical properties of wood have been modified to enable an array of growth forms ranging from massive forest trees to lianas (Chery et al, 2020;Groover, 2020). At the same time, wood is the water-conducting tissue of woody stems, and wood anatomy has been modified in various lineages to exploit habitats with extremes in water stress (Rodriguez-Zaccaro & Groover, 2019).…”

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Evolutionary network genomics of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of angiosperm forest trees

et al. 2020

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Wood formation was present in early angiosperms, but has been highly modified through evolution to generate the anatomical diversity seen in extant angiosperm lineages. In this project, we modeled changes in gene coexpression relationships associated with the evolution of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of 13 angiosperm tree species. Gravitropic stimulation was used as an experimental treatment to alter wood formation and also perturb gene expression. Gene transcript abundances were determined using RNA sequencing of developing wood tissues from upright trees, and from the top (tension wood) and bottom (opposite wood) tissues of gravistimulated trees. A network-based approach was employed to align gene coexpression networks across species based on orthologous relationships. A large-scale, multilayer network was modeled that identified both lineage-specific gene coexpression modules and modules conserved across multiple species. Functional annotation and analysis of modules identified specific regulatory processes associated with conserved modules, including regulation of hormones, protein phosphorylation, meristem development and epigenetic processes. Our results provide novel insights into the evolution and development of wood formation, and demonstrate the ability to identify biological processes and genes important for the evolution of a foundational trait in nonmodel, undomesticated forest trees.

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“…Lianas are woody vines that display striking diversity in wood anatomy, which enable their flexibility and unique life histories. A new study by Chery and colleagues, published in this issue of Current Biology, takes advantage of liana anatomical diversity to examine the evolutionary and developmental origins of diversity of woody growth forms, and to identify basic principles of secondary growth [3].…”

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“…In their new study, Chery and colleagues [3] carefully documented anatomical ontological features of species with Paullinia, a large group that includes lianas with different cambial anatomical variants, as well as non-liana species. Cambial variants include a variety of unusual stem anatomies [7] that impart specialized mechanical and R76 Current Biology 30, R64-R91, January 20, 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.…”

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Woody Plant Evolution: Exceptional Lianas Reveal Rules of Woody Growth

Groover

2020

Current Biology

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Modification During Early Plant Development Promote the Evolution of Nature's Most Complex Woods

Cited by 5 publications

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Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

Get the shovel: morphological and evolutionary complexities of belowground organs in geophytes

Evolutionary network genomics of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of angiosperm forest trees

Woody Plant Evolution: Exceptional Lianas Reveal Rules of Woody Growth

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