Modification of acetylcholinesterase as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides

Fournier, Didier; Mutero, Annick

doi:10.1016/1367-8280(94)90084-1

Cited by 192 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This is partly explained by the positive correlation between survival and AChE activity (Hoffmann, Fournier & Spierer, 1992). AChE activity of resistant Ace.1 alleles is often altered (see for review Fournier & Mutero, 1994) so that, in R/S heterozygotes (which possess only half the quantity of insensitive AChE present in R/R homozygotes), the insensitive AChE (remaining uninhibited) accounts for less than 50% of the total AChE activity. The consequence is a low survival of heterozygotes compared to resistant homozygotes, hence a low level of dominance.…”

Section: Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens: What have we learned about adaptation?

Raymond

Berticat

Weill

et al. 2001

Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process

156

157

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Resistance to organophosphate (OP) insecticide in the mosquito Culex pipiens has been studied for ca. 30 years. This example of micro-evolution has been thoroughly investigated as an opportunity to assess precisely both the new adapted phenotypes and the associated genetic changes. A notable feature is that OP resistance is achieved with few genes, and these genes have generally large effects. The molecular events generating such resistance genes are complex (e.g., gene amplification, gene regulation) potentially explaining their low frequency of de novo occurrence. In contrast, migration is a frequent event, including passive transportation between distant populations. This generates a complex interaction between mutations and migration, and promotes competition among resistance alleles. When the precise physiological action of each gene product is rather well known, it is possible to understand the dominance level or the type of epistasis observed. It is however difficult to predict a priori how resistance genes will interact, and it is too early to state whether or not this will be ever possible. These resistance genes are costly, and the cost is variable among them. It is usually believed that the initial fitness cost would gradually decrease due to subsequent mutations with a modifier effect. In the present example, a particular modifier occurred (a gene duplication) at one resistance locus, whereas at the other one reduction of cost is driven by allele replacement and apparently not by selection of modifiers.

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Section: Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens: What have we learned about adaptation?

Raymond

Berticat

Weill

et al. 2001

Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process

156

157

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“…Research on the selective toxicity of and resistance to pesticides and other toxic substances strongly indicates that metabolism is the most important single factor in determining differences in susceptibility (23). This is achieved by the production of more enzymes (24,25) or different enzymes (26) and the genetic transmission of this ability (26,27). As selection pressure increases through repeated exposure, an increasing proportion of the population may become resistant to the chemical.…”

Section: Natural Selection and Evolution As Tinkeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinkering with the Tinkerer: Pollution versus Evolution

Fox¹

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Pollutants can act as powerful selective forces by altering genetic variability, its intergenerational transfer, and the size, functional viability, adaptability, and survival of future generations. It is at the level of the cell and the individual that meiosis occurs, that genetic diversity is maintained, and behavior, reproduction, growth, and survival occur and are regulated. It is at this level that evolutionary processes occur and most pollutants exert their toxic effects. Chronic exposure to chemicals contributes to the cumulative stress on individuals and disrupts physiological processes and chemically mediated communication thereby threatening the diversity and long-term survival of sexually reproducing biota. Regional or global effects of pollution on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere have indirectly altered Earth's life-support systems, thereby modifying trace metal balance, reproduction, and incidence of UV-B-induced DNA damage in biota. By altering the competitive ability and survival of species, chemical pollutants potentially threaten evolutionary processes and the biodiversity and function of intercepting ecosystems.-Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl 4): 93-100 (1995)

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“…Lima-Catelani et al, 2004 included these enzymes in the group of cholinesterases which have been considered to be involved in resistance to organophosphorous insecticides in some insects (Smissaert, 1964;Devonshire, 1975;Fournier and Mutero, 1994;Baxter and Barker, 1998;Zhu and Gao, 1999). Besides, the esterase band EST-12, which in the study of Lima-Catelani et al (in press) showed changes of expression in mosquitoes from São José do Rio Preto when compared to mosquitoes from another population never exposed to insecticides, is also a cholinesterase that the same authors described as probably produced by an allele from the same locus which includes EST-13 and perhaps EST-14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phenobarbital on inducing insecticide tolerance and esterase changes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Sousa-Polezzi

Bicudo

2004

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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The effect of phenobarbital (PB) on the induction of tolerance to the organophosphorous insecticide temephos (TE) was investigated in Aedes aegypti L4 larvae submitted to two different PB-treatments:(1) continuous treatment from the egg to the larval L4 stage and (2) discontinuous treatment in which L4 larvae were exposed for 30 h. Mosquitoes from two Brazilian cities were studied: São José do Rio Preto (SJ) in São Paulo State and Goiânia (GO) in Goiás State. According to criterions established by World Health Organization (WHO) mosquitoes from SJ are organophosphate-susceptible while mosquitoes from GO are organophosphate-resistant. For both SJ and GO larvae the two different PB-treatments resulted in significantly increased tolerance (measured by reduced mortality) to 0.01mg/L TE while for larvae exposed to 0.02 mg/L TE only continuous PB-treatment resulted in significantly increased TE-tolerance. The reduction of mortality rate was greater in SJ larvae than in GO larvae, confirming data from other organisms indicating that the effect of PB is more pronounced in susceptible strains. To test if oxidase enzymes were involved in PB-induced tolerance we treated PB-pretreated SJ and GO larvae with the oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) before exposure to TE and observed increased (rather than decreased) tolerance, suggesting that oxidases are not involved in the tolerance process and that PB and PBO can act in concert or synergistically. Esterase patterns of PB-pretreated larvae indicated that the cholinesterases EST-13 and EST-14 are involved in the PB-induced TE-tolerance, reinforcing a previous study carried out in our laboratory which suggested that increased esterase synthesis is the mechanism responsible for the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti.

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Modification of acetylcholinesterase as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides

Cited by 192 publications

References 91 publications

Insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens: What have we learned about adaptation?

Insecticide resistance in the mosquito Culex pipiens: What have we learned about adaptation?

Tinkering with the Tinkerer: Pollution versus Evolution

Effect of phenobarbital on inducing insecticide tolerance and esterase changes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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