Modification of deproteinized natural rubber via grafting polymerization with maleic anhydride

Wongthong, Pinyo; Nakason, Charoen; Pan, Qinmin; Rempel, Garry L.; Kiatkamjornwong, Suda

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.009

Cited by 86 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previously, there are many chemical modifications that had been done to NR such as, hydrogenation, epoxidation, halogenation, grafting, metathesis and cyclization [1]. Among these modifications, hydrogenation of NR is significance to improve the properties in terms of its thermal stability, weather resistance and oxidative [7].…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural rubber (NR) produced from Hevea brasiliensis trees is a crucial raw material for the production of industrial products such as tyres, gloves, adhesives, sealants, medical devices and consumer products [1][2][3]. NR had been used in various fields of applications due to its high elasticity and flexibility, resilience, abrasion resistance, efficient heat…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Hydrogenation of Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber Using Diimide

Azhar

Rasid

Tahir

et al. 2017

MJAS

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A low-molecular-weight liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) was prepared through photosensitized degradation of epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol percent of epoxy content (ENR-50). LENR was modified into hydrogenated liquid epoxidized natural rubber (HLENR) via in situ thermal degradation of arylsulfonyl hydrazide as a hydrogenating agent. The chemical structures of LENR and HLENR were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The thermal behaviour of LENR and HLENR were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) of LENR and HLENR were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The parameter studies on the hydrogenation of LENR were investigated based on the source of diimide, weight ratios of LENR: p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH), temperature, reaction time and solvent of the reaction. The highest conversion of hydrogenation was achieved at 130 °C for 4 hours reaction time, with 1:1 weight ratio of LENR: TSH using oxylene as a solvent.

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Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Hydrogenation of Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber Using Diimide

Azhar

Rasid

Tahir

et al. 2017

MJAS

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“…The procedure for the graft copolymerization was carried out according to the following steps. The DPNR latex was first introduced into a 500 cm 3 glass reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The latex was first stirred under a stream of saturated nitrogen obtained by bubbling inert gas through the latex for 60 min at 400 rpm to remove the dissolved oxygen in the latex.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 Among these, grafting is one of the most attractive techniques. Several common vinyl monomers have been reported for grafting modifications of NR such as: acrylonitrile (AN), 10 methyl methacrylate (MMA), 11 maleic anhydride (MA), 3 and styrene. 12,13 Recently, styrene has become an attractive monomer to improve mechanical and thermal properties of NR because of the aromatic structure in the monomer molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the presence of the unsaturation of carbon-carbon double bonds in the NR backbone causes easy degradation when NR is exposed to sunlight, ozone, UV radiation and air, especially at high temperature. 3 Therefore, chemical modification of NR is needed to overcome the disadvantages and to achieve more desirable properties. The chemical modification not only improves the interaction between the blend components but also compensates some of NR drawbacks such as its resistance to ageing and to solvents or its gas impermeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of Vietnam Natural Rubber via Graft Copolymerization with Styrene

Dung¹,

Nhàn²,

Thương³

et al. 2016

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Graft copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as redox initiator have been investigated. The effects of initiator and monomer concentration on conversion and grafting efficiency were studied. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the graft copolymer were investigated over the wide range of temperatures. It is shown that a high value of storage modulus for the graft copolymer, which was about 25 times as high as that of DPNR, was achieved. The graft copolymer (DPNR-graft-PS) showed the outstanding tensile strength and stable thermal properties. These enhancements were attributed to the interaction between NR and polystyrene as a result of the graft copolymerization. Morphology observation by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed that the core-shell arrangement of the DPNR-graft-PS with about 30 nm in thickness of polystyrene nano-layer was achieved.

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Synthesis and characterization of maleated glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether as a functionalized plasticizer for styrene–butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites

Gong

Cen

Wang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Maleated glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether (M-GPPE) was synthesized from glycidyl 3-pentadecenyl phenyl ether (GPPE), a renewable derivative from cardanol, with maleic anhydride (MAH) by grafting copolymerization. The resulting M-GPPE was used as a functionalized plasticizer for a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB)/silica composite. The effects of M-GPPE on the development of the filler network, the extent of silica dispersion, the curing characteristics, and the mechanical performance of the composites were studied. Meanwhile, a comparative study was performed between M-GPPE and aromatic oil, a traditional plasticizer used in SBR filler formulations. Gel permeation chromatography and IR and 1 H-NMR analysis results confirmed the occurrence of the grafting reaction between GPPE and MAH and the potential structure of M-GPPE. The thermostability of GPPE was improved by grafting copolymerization with MAH, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis results. The presence of M-GPPE resulted in a shorter curing time and better aging properties in the SBR composite compared with GPPE. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the maleate of GPPE could enhance the compatibility between SBR and silica, improve the dispersion of silica in SBR, and partially replace the aromatic oil in the SBR/CB/silica composite formulation.

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Modification of deproteinized natural rubber via grafting polymerization with maleic anhydride

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

In Situ Hydrogenation of Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber Using Diimide

In Situ Hydrogenation of Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber Using Diimide

Modification of Vietnam Natural Rubber via Graft Copolymerization with Styrene

Synthesis and characterization of maleated glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether as a functionalized plasticizer for styrene–butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites

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