Modification of microflora imbalance: future directions for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer?

Abstract

Increasing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer brings the necessity to uncover new possibilities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The microbiome as the collective genetic material of the microflora, overexceed the number of genes in the human genome and is unique for each individual. Due to the benefits providing for the host and mainly for immediate interaction with the host immune system, a gastrointestinal microflora can be considered "cardinal microbiome". Host-microbial relations includes symbiotic, pathogenic and competitive interactions. Causal role of gastrointestinal microflora in colorectal carcinogenesis is still not well determined. This minireview is focused on current evidence in understanding the role of bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, the impact of bacterial dysbiosis on tumor formation, and ability of probiotics and bacterial vectors to modulate the gastrointestinal microflora as prevention and therapy tool in colorectal cancer.

Probiotic Survey in Cancer Patients Treated in the Outpatient Department in a Comprehensive Cancer Center

“… 7 Recently, extensive research on the influence of gut microbiota on human health and disease points in the direction of intestinal flora modification in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 8 Huge progress in high-throughput sequencing technologies leading to phylogenetic assignment of 16S rRNA sequences from gut or stool samples as well as parallel recent developments in nongenomic techniques is rapidly increasing our knowledge of the resident species. 9 , 10 …”

“…7 Recently, extensive research on the influence of gut microbiota on human health and disease points in the direction of intestinal flora modification in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 8 Huge progress in highthroughput sequencing technologies leading to phylogenetic assignment of 16S rRNA sequences from gut or stool samples as well as parallel recent developments in nongenomic techniques is rapidly increasing our knowledge of the resident species. 9,10 Multiple indications for probiotics include gastrointestinal disorders, prevention and treatment of infectious and antibiotic-induced diarrhea, 11 and treatment of liver insufficiency, 12 lactose intolerance, 13 inflammatory bowel disease, 14 and irritable bowel syndrome.…”

The study of bacteria in biopsies from Slovak colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients

“…Our results showed differences in the presence of intracellular E. coli in patients´ biopsies compared to healthy mucosa samples. We detected an increasing trend in biopsies, where intracellular E. coli was 0% in control Group 1, 19.6% in adenoma Group 2 and bacterium or bacterial function, but future microflora modification presents possibilities in the prevention and even treatment of gastrointestinal cancers [34]. Research in this field should lead to the discovery of innovative therapeutic interventions that decrease colorectal cancer incidence.…”

Changes in SNAI1 and VIM gene expression in Caco2 cells after co-cultivation with bacteria from colorectal cancer biopsies

“…Gut microbiota has been proved to be involved in the initiation and progression of CRC in many ways [19]. The structural difference observed in the fecal microbiota community of CRC patients was related with the non-cancerous population, and some microbiota belonging to the genera of Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus were richer in CRC patients [20].…”