Modification of polyether ether ketone for the repairing of bone defects

Abstract

Bone damage as a consequence of disease or trauma is a common global occurrence. For bone damage treatment - bone implant materials are necessary across three classifications of surgical intervention (i.e. fixation, repair, and replacement). Many types of bone implant materials have been developed to meet the requirements of bone repair. Among them, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been considered as one of the next generation of bone implant materials, owing to its advantages related to good biocompatibility, chemical stability, X-ray permeability, elastic modulus comparable to natural bone, as well as the ease of processing and modification. However, as PEEK is a naturally bioinert material, some modification is needed to improve its integration with adjacent bones after implantation. Therefore, it has become a very hot topic of biomaterials research and various strategies for the modification of PEEK including blending, 3D printing, coating, chemical modification and the introduction of bioactive and/or antibacterial substances have been proposed. In this systematic review, the recent advances in modification of PEEK and its application prospect as bone implants are summarized, and the remaining challenges are also discussed.

Differential analyses of ginger extract implant coating material

“…The average particle size of the ginger extract powder ranged 155 nm. FTIR of ginger extract powder is shown in figure (3). the main functional groups for ginger extract were OH stretch H-bonded at wave number 2923.46 cm-1 , Alkane Metil -CH3 at wave number 1113.02 cm-1 , O-H bend of aromatic phenol at wave number 667.78 cm-1 , C≡N nitrile group at wave number 2329.50 cm-1 and C≡C alkyne goup at wave number 2357.81 cm-1.…”

“…It is tooth colored material and recently used as dental implant material wherever esthetics is a major concern. (3). The materials above, titanium, zirconia and PEEK are regarded as bioinert materials that necessitate the use of bioactive material, a coating overlying the bioinert substrate (4).…”

Methods to improve antibacterial properties of PEEK: A review

“…PEEK usage has a high potential in orthopedic implants. The review articles published in the last four years (between 2020 and September 2023) included most of the modification methods, especially surface modifications, with detailed techniques grouped into physical, chemical, and biological modifications [34][35][36][37][38][39]. A few reviews included composite production as a method to increase the antibacterial properties of PEEK [34,39].…”

Engineering Multifunctional Polyether Ether Ketone Implant: Mechanics‐Adaptability, Biominerialization, Immunoregulation, Anti‐Infection, Osteointegration, and Osteogenesis

“…Different modification methods have different effects on the biomechanical properties and biological responses of the material. [17] The advantages of modified PEEK include improved biomechanical properties, osseointegration properties, and potential multimodal therapeutic capabilities. Novel fabrication techniques such as 3D printing enable optimal biomechanical compatibility, [18,19] and the material's unique physicochemical, piezoelectric, and imaging properties enable applications in biosensing and tissue engineering.…”