Modification of saccadic gain by reinforcement

Abstract

Madelain L, Paeye C, Wallman J. Modification of saccadic gain by reinforcement.

New is always better: Novelty modulates oculomotor learning

“…These results lend further support to the recent discussion that saccadic adaptation involves more than a simple, automatic, error-based, low-level motor learning process (Collins & Wallman, 2012;Herman, Blangero, Madelain, Khan, & Harwood, 2013; LevyBencheton, Pisella, Salemme, Tilikete, & Pelisson, 2013;Madelain, Paeye, & Wallman, 2011;Meermeier et al, 2016;Panouilleres et al, 2014;Schütz & Souto, 2015;Zimmermann & Lappe, 2016). The top-down modulation on adaptation of scanning saccades observed in the present study may originate from frontal cortical areas or from the basal ganglia.…”

Formation of model-free motor memories during motor adaptation depends on perturbation schedule

“…Indeed, reward prediction error only occurs with large errors but is insensitive to their direction. Such a reward prediction error could be used either to build the model-free motor memory through reinforcement learning (Darshan et al 2014;Izawa and Shadmehr 2011;Madelain et al 2011) independently of the adaptation of an internal model (Izawa et al 2012) or to tag the model-free motor memory in order to facilitate its recall when another reward prediction error is experienced (Shmuelof et al 2012). The involvement of reward prediction would also be consistent with the absence of savings observed in Parkinson's disease patients (Bédard and Sanes 2011;Leow et al 2012Leow et al , 2013Marinelli et al 2009).…”

“…Human subjects can use explicit strategies to adapt their new motor behaviors (Mazzoni and Krakauer 2006;Taylor et al 2010Taylor et al , 2014Ivry 2011, 2012). Reward can also drive a change in motor behavior through reinforcement learning (Abe et al 2011;Izawa and Shadmehr 2011;Madelain et al 2011). Finally, repetition of movements can modify motor behavior (Diedrichsen et al 2010;Leow et al 2014;Verstynen and Sabes 2011).…”

The influence of image content on oculomotor plasticity

“…Still, saccadic adaptation may exceed the concept or a mere recalibration of the motor system since it can be elicited in the absence of any spatial errors by reinforcement learning (Madelain, Paeye, & Wallman, 2011) and can differ for target stimuli with specific visual properties (Herman, Harwood, & Wallman, 2009).…”