Modification of the Pet Attitude Scale

Munsell, Kathleen L.; Canfield, Merle; Templer, Donald I.; Tangan, Kimberly; Arikawa, Hiroko

doi:10.1163/1568530041446580

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ‘attitudes towards animals’ measure [64] was adapted from the Pet Attitude Scale (PAS-M) [56,66]. This measure comprised three scales, each with various items scored on a five-point Likert scale (1—“strongly agree” to 5—“strongly disagree”).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Attachment to Pets: Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour

Hawkins

Williams

2017

IJERPH

103

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Attachment to pets has an important role in children’s social, emotional, and cognitive development, mental health, well-being, and quality of life. This study examined associations between childhood attachment to pets and caring and friendship behaviour, compassion, and attitudes towards animals. This study also examined socio-demographic differences, particularly pet ownership and pet type. A self-report survey of over one thousand 7 to 12 year-olds in Scotland, UK, revealed that the majority of children are strongly attached to their pets, but attachment scores differ depending on pet type and child gender. Analysis revealed that attachment to pets is facilitated by compassion and caring and pet-directed friendship behaviours and that attachment to pets significantly predicts positive attitudes towards animals. The findings have implications for the promotion of prosocial and humane behaviour. Encouraging children to participate in pet care behaviour may promote attachment between children and their pet, which in turn may have a range of positive outcomes for both children (such as reduced aggression, better well-being, and quality of life) and pets (such as humane treatment). This study enhances our understanding of childhood pet attachment and has implications for humane education and promoting secure emotional attachments in childhood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Attachment to Pets: Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour

Hawkins

Williams

2017

IJERPH

103

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“…These were chosen, following extensive review of available scales, as they appeared most suitable for measuring the attachment to pets that is expressed by children aged9 to 13 years. Two of three subscales from the Modified Pet Attitude Scale (PAS-M) (Templer et al 1981;Munsell et al 2004) originally intended to measure 'love and interaction' and 'joy of pet ownership' (8 items); The Attachment to Pets Scale (APS) (Staats et al 1996;Kafer et al 1995) that measures 'affectionate companionship', 'equal family member status', 'mutual physical activity' and 'pet problems' (12 items) and the 'General Attachment' subscale (11 items) of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) (Johnson et al 1992).…”

Section: Attachment To Pets and Health And Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (SAPS) for Children and Young People: Development, Psychometric Qualities and Demographic and Health Associations

et al. 2015

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This study describes the development of the SAPS and investigates its reliability and validity within the context of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (HBSC) which gathered data on representative samples of school pupils aged 11, 13 and 15 in Scotland and England. In the development of SAPS, following a comprehensive review of the literature, two small-scale empirical studies were carried out (one qualitative and one quantitative). Regarding the validation process, the reliability and validity of the SAPS was assessed in a sub-sample (n= 7159) of pupils who completed the HBSC survey and were identified as owning pets. Factor analysis resulted in a one-factor solution (explaining 67.78 % of the variance); Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.894. The item-total correlation ranged from 0.368 to 0.784. A linear model showed that attachment to pets was associated with age (being 11 or 13 years old), being a girl, white ethnicity, and considering a pet as one's own. SAPS scores were also positively associated with quality of life. The total variance in SAPS explained by these variables was 15.7 %. Effect sizes of associations were medium (age, considering a pet as one's own) and small (ethnicity, age, gender, quality of life). The study concludes that SAPS is a coherent and psychometrically sound measure. It is associated with a range of demographic variables and quality of life, which confirms its utility as a new succinct measure of children's and young people's attachment to pets for use in health and social science research.

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“…The Pet Attitude Scale-Modified (PAS-M; Munsell, Canfield, Templer, Tangan, & Arikawa, 2004;Templer, Salter, Dickey, Baldwin, & Veleber, 1981) is an 18-item questionnaire that measures attitudes toward pets. Questions are rated on a 7-point Likerttype scale, with ratings from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Pet Attitude Scale-modifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these items, the phrase "or would if I had one" was added. The PAS-M total score also has adequate internal consistency (α = .92) and findings indicate no significant difference in responses between the PAS and the PAS-M (Munsell et al, 2004). Higher scores on the PAS were correlated with greater reduction in the mean arterial pressure and systolic pressure when petting dogs (Hama, Yogo, & Matsuyama, 1996) and increased distress in AAT staff when the therapy dog disappeared (Crowley-Robinson & Blackshaw, 1998).…”

Section: Pet Attitude Scale-modifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychological and Physiological Effects of Using a Therapy Dog in Mindfulness Training

Henry

2015

Anthrozoös

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Research from various fields has demonstrated the benefits of human-animal interaction for physical and mental health. Recently, animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has become increasingly popular in a variety of healthcare settings-including inpatient mental health care facilities. However, there is limited research investigating the efficacy of AAT in outpatient sites. In addition, the impact of animals as an adjunct to psychotherapy treatment remains mostly uninvestigated. Therefore, it is necessary to empirically explore what therapy animals may contribute to specific treatment interventions with specific populations.The present study was a randomized control trial examining the psychological and physiological effects of adding AAT to a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) for clients experiencing psychological distress, including anxious and depressive symptoms. It was hypothesized that AAT would be particularly complementary to mindfulness-based interventions because the therapy dog would iv provide a focus for attention to the current experience and exemplify acceptance and "being," enabling the understanding and practice of the main aspects of mindfulness.Subjects (N = 21) were randomly assigned to the MBSR or MBSR + AAT group and then completed an intervention consisting of six 50-minute individual therapy sessions.Each session included didactic and experiential components modified for delivery with or without a certified therapy dog.State and trait mindfulness, state and trait anxiety, psychological distress, blood pressure, and heart rate were assessed at each session. Results indicate that all participants experienced fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms, decreased psychological distress, and increased mindfulness skills from pre-to posttreatment.Additionally, state anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate decreased within sessions. No significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups, indicating that interaction with a therapy dog had no impact on symptom reduction, skill acquisition, or client satisfaction in the current study. Future studies need to increase methodological rigor by including multiple therapist/dog teams and increasing sample size. Moreover, researchers must examine more thoroughly the role the dog might have in altering the social environment, such as reducing stigma surrounding mental health services and enhancing the therapeutic alliance. This study examined the psychological and physiological effects of adding animal-assisted therapy to a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) for clients experiencing psychological distress, including anxious and depressive symptoms. State and trait mindfulness, state and trait anxiety, psychological distress, blood pressure, and heart rate were collected during each session of the intervention from college students recruited at Utah State University. Results support that participants experienced less anxiety and depressive symptoms and increased mindfulness skills from pre-to postt...

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Modification of the Pet Attitude Scale

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Childhood Attachment to Pets: Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour

Childhood Attachment to Pets: Associations between Pet Attachment, Attitudes to Animals, Compassion, and Humane Behaviour

The Short Attachment to Pets Scale (SAPS) for Children and Young People: Development, Psychometric Qualities and Demographic and Health Associations

The Psychological and Physiological Effects of Using a Therapy Dog in Mindfulness Training

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