Of eleven hundred seventy-six Iranian college students, those who were more exposed to war-related traumatic events and those who were less religious had higher death anxiety and death depression. The specific variables that contributed the most variance to both death anxiety and death depression were weaker religious belief, female gender, injury to friends or relatives, death of friends or relatives, not believing in life after death, and maintaining that the most important aspect of religion is life after death. Theoretical and clinical implications were discussed. The greater death anxiety of female Iranians adds to the inference that death anxiety is greater in females, which seems to be a worldwide phenomena.The present study had two primary purposes. One was to determine the relationship of death anxiety and death depression of Iranian Moslems to war-related event exposure during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War. The study was carried out both by correlations of war-related events to the two death attitude measures and by comparison of death attitude of Iranian college students who lived in the area of greatest military activity (region of University of Shiraz) with college students from other regions. It was hypothesized that experiencing war related events would be positively associated with death anxiety and death depression. The 201 0 1999, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.

The Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) aims to provide an evidence-based approach to administration, coding, and interpretation of the Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM). R-PAS analyzes individualized communications given by respondents to each card to code a wide pool of possible variables. Due to the large number of possible codes that can be assigned to these responses, it is important to consider the concordance rates among different assessors. This study investigated interrater reliability for R-PAS protocols. Data were analyzed from a nonpatient convenience sample of 50 participants who were recruited through networking, local marketing, and advertising efforts from January 2013 through October 2014. Blind recoding was used and discrepancies between the initial and blind coders' ratings were analyzed for each variable with SPSS yielding percent agreement and intraclass correlation values. Data for Location, Space, Contents, Synthesis, Vague, Pairs, Form Quality, Populars, Determinants, and Cognitive and Thematic codes are presented. Rates of agreement for 1,168 responses were higher for more simplistic coding (e.g., Location), whereas agreement was lower for more complex codes (e.g., Cognitive and Thematic codes). Overall, concordance rates achieved good to excellent agreement. Results suggest R-PAS is an effective method with high interrater reliability supporting its empirical basis.

This study recruited 203 college students to help determine clarity and precision in the wording of four items in the Templer, Salter, Baldwin, Dickey, and Veleber (1981) Pet Attitude Scale (PAS). Half the college students received the original format, and half received the modified wording format. The correlation with total score did not differ for three of the pairs of items. For one of the items, the correlation was higher with the original wording. The 18-item Pet Attitude Scale-Modified retains the original wording for that item and uses the modified wording for the other three items.

This analogue study evaluated the validity of a computer system designed to assess the verbal content of the psychotherapeutic interchange between therapist and client. In three different conditions, "interviewers" were instructed to engage "clients" in conversation about: (1) emotions, (2) cognitions or (3) contracts (relationships or values). Results confirmed the hypotheses set forth. Applications and relevant implications are discussed.Testing the impact of treatment "X" is possible only if treatment "X" is administered in some known dosage. The comparative effects of "cognitive therapy" and "dynamic therapy" can be determined only if it is known that the two types of therapy were differentially administered. If a client is seen for one hour of individual psychotherapy, the question remains, "How much of what type of treatment did the client receive?" Cook & Poole (1982) state, "The assumption of uniform treatment implementation has been challenged in recent evaluation literature-the nonuniformity of service delivery and service receipt across program implementation sites and, within This study is based on research performed as part of the author's doctoral dissertation at the University of Kansas. I would like to thank

This article introduces (a) a computerized coding procedure that rates words and utterances in terms of emotion, cognition, and contract and (b) a contingency method of analyzing verbal interactions. Using transcripts of sessions conducted by 3 master therapists with 1 client, the rating procedure and contingency correlation analyses supported the study's hypotheses. Therapists' utterances were characterized by significantly different amounts of emotion, cognition, and contracts, indicating that communication styles varied in the relative emphasis placed on these attributes. Differences suggest that the therapists responded differently to emotional, cognitive, and contract utterances and that the client's responses were different across the 3 therapist interviews. Split halves of the interviews within therapists and within client sessions were not different, providing further evidence of reliability of the coding and contingency procedures.