Of eleven hundred seventy-six Iranian college students, those who were more exposed to war-related traumatic events and those who were less religious had higher death anxiety and death depression. The specific variables that contributed the most variance to both death anxiety and death depression were weaker religious belief, female gender, injury to friends or relatives, death of friends or relatives, not believing in life after death, and maintaining that the most important aspect of religion is life after death. Theoretical and clinical implications were discussed. The greater death anxiety of female Iranians adds to the inference that death anxiety is greater in females, which seems to be a worldwide phenomena.The present study had two primary purposes. One was to determine the relationship of death anxiety and death depression of Iranian Moslems to war-related event exposure during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War. The study was carried out both by correlations of war-related events to the two death attitude measures and by comparison of death attitude of Iranian college students who lived in the area of greatest military activity (region of University of Shiraz) with college students from other regions. It was hypothesized that experiencing war related events would be positively associated with death anxiety and death depression. The 201 0 1999, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.

The differential correlations of death depression and death anxiety were explored. Death anxiety was more highly correlated with general anxiety, the four subscales of the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale, female gender, and less religiosity. Death depression was more associated with general depression. Such differentiation could not be made with the raw scores of the Death Depression Scale and the Death Anxiety Scale. A differentiation was made, however, using a new ten-item scale based upon factor scores of the two above scales.