Modification of the Suna Trap for Improved Survival and Quality of Mosquitoes in Support of Epidemiological Studies

Verhulst, Niels O.; Bakker, Julian W; Hiscox, Alexandra

doi:10.2987/moco-31-03-223-232.1

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The laboratory data were analysed by using a generalized linear model (GLM, binomial, logit link function and dispersion estimated) to test for differences in ratio of mosquitoes caught and trap entry response rates of the mosquitoes towards CO 2 and odour blends, and different trap types [32]. The ratio was calculated as the number of mosquitoes caught in the treatment trap divided by the total number of mosquitoes caught in both traps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cage experiment 1: attractiveness of the BG-Suna trap in normal and inverted position. A previous study performed by Verhulst et al [32] showed that Ae. aegypti can be attracted to a BG-Suna trap when baited with the MB5 blend and CO 2 .…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…aegypti in the laboratory. The MB5 blend contains ammonia, (S)-lactic acid, tetra decanoic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol and butan-1amine in specific concentrations, which are impregnated on nylon strips as previously described by Verhulst et al [32]. All strips were handled with clean latex gloves and stored in aluminium foil and a zip bag at − 20 °C to prevent contamination with other odours.…”

Section: Odour and Co 2 Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimisation and field validation of odour-baited traps for surveillance of Aedes aegypti adults in Paramaribo, Suriname

Visser

Cock

Hiwat³

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background: Emerging arboviral diseases like Zika, dengue and chikungunya that are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, are increasingly threatening human health. Blends of human-like synthetic chemical attractants can be used to attract host-seeking mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to test new combinations of traps and odour baits in the laboratory, followed by testing the best candidates in the field to improve Ae. aegypti monitoring and surveillance.Methods: First, the BG-Suna trap was evaluated for capturing laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti by testing normal and inverted positions in screen cage tests. Secondly, the attractiveness of the MB5 blend, CO 2 , and their combination was tested. Thirdly, we tested the attractiveness of different trap types (BG-Suna, BG-Sentinel, MM-X and CDC light trap). Finally, we confirmed laboratory results in the field in Paramaribo, Suriname, using the MB5 and BG-Lure odour blends, CO 2 and the BG-Sentinel and BG-Bowl trap using a Latin Square design. Results:The MB5 blend in combination with CO 2 outperformed traps baited only with CO 2 or MB5 in screen cage tests (P < 0.0001). The BG-Sentinel trap performed equally well as the inverted BG-Suna and was taken to the field (P = 0.729). In the field, we captured Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus. We confirmed the laboratory results and found that the combination of the MB5 blend and CO 2 almost doubled Ae. aegypti female captures (P = 0.004) and more than doubled Culex spp. female captures (P = 0.005) compared to using only CO 2 . Interestingly, the MB5 blend outperformed the commercially available BG-Lure, in the BG-Sentinel (P < 0.001). The BG-Bowl also attracted Ae. aegypti when baited with the MB5 blend in similar numbers as the BG-Sentinel baited with the MB5 (P = 0.362). Conclusions:Our study demonstrated that the BG-Sentinel trap baited with the MB5 blend and CO 2 outperforms the current golden standard (BG-Sentinel trap with BG-Lure) for monitoring Ae. aegypti females and males, in both laboratory and field experiments. The BG-Bowl baited with the MB5 blend is a good candidate for home use. Finally, the results show that CO 2 is an indispensable component of the attractive blend.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Odour and Co 2 Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimisation and field validation of odour-baited traps for surveillance of Aedes aegypti adults in Paramaribo, Suriname

Visser

Cock

Hiwat³

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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“…Whether the chemical release rates and hence performance of the MB5-baited Suna trap might also be affected by night-time temperatures during trapping needs further investigations. Mechanisms to increase the released concentrations and improve the dispersion might be explored in future by modifying the Suna traps (103) or surveying alternative traps and baits (29,78,(104)(105)(106). A recent study for example suggested the combination of trans uthrin treated fabric on eave gaps with BG Malaria traps (Biogents, Germany) and suggested a larger distance of the pull trap from the human host, nevertheless the authors also found only a very marginal addition of protection from the traps in preventing An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Putative Repellent ‘Push’ and Attractive ‘Pull’ Components for Manipulating the Odour-orientation of Host-seeking Malaria Vectors in the Peri-domestic Space

Njoroge

Fillinger

Saddler

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Novel malaria vector control approaches aim to combine tools to work in synergy for maximum protection. This study aimed to evaluate novel and re-evaluate existing, putative repellent ‘push’ and attractive ‘pull’ components for manipulating the odour-orientation of malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space. Methods Anopheles arabiensis outdoor human landing catches and trap comparisons were implemented in large semi-field systems to (1) test the efficacy of citriodiol or transfluthrin-treated fabric strips positioned in house eave gaps as push components for preventing bites; (2) understand the efficacy of an MB5-baited Suna-trap in attracting vectors in the presence of a human being; (3) assess 2-butanone as a CO2 replacement for trapping; and (4) determine the protection provided by a full push-pull set up. The air-concentrations of the chemical constituents of the push-pull mosquito control tool were quantified.Results Microencapsulated citriodiol eave strips did not provide any outdoor protection against host-seeking An. arabiensis. Transfluthrin-treated strips significantly reduced the odds of a mosquito landing on the human volunteer (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.12-0.23). This impact was lower (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.52-0.66) during the push-pull experiment which was associated with low night-time temperatures likely affecting the transfluthrin vaporisation. The MB5-baited Suna trap supplemented with CO2 attracted only a third of the released mosquitoes in the absence of a human being, however, with a human volunteer in the same system, the trap caught less than 1% of all released mosquitoes. The volunteer consistently attracted over two-thirds of all mosquitoes released. This was the case in the absence (‘pull’ only) and in the presence of a spatial repellent (‘push-pull’), indicating that in its current configuration the tested ‘pull’ does not provide a valuable addition to a spatial repellent. The chemical 2-butanone was ineffective in replacing CO2. Transfluthrin was detectable in the air space but with a strong linear reduction in concentrations over 5 metres from release. The MB5 constituent chemicals were only irregularly detected, potentially suggesting insufficient release and concentration in the air for attraction.Conclusion This step-by-step evaluation of the selected ‘push’ and ‘pull’ components led to a better understanding of their ability to affect host-seeking behaviours of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in the peri-domestic space and helps to gauge the impact such tools would have when used in the field for monitoring or control.

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“…For the dual choice experiments, a GLM with a binomial distribution, logit link function and estimated dispersion [35] was used. The response variable of the GLM was the capture percentage, defined as the ratio between number of captures by one trap and the number of captures by both traps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lure, retain, and catch malaria mosquitoes. How heat and humidity improve odour-baited trap performance

Cribellier

Spitzen

Fairbairn

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background When seeking a human for a blood meal, mosquitoes use several cues to detect and find their hosts. From this knowledge, counter-flow odour-baited traps have been developed that use a combination of CO2, human-mimicking odour, visual cues and circulating airflow to attract and capture mosquitoes. Initially developed for monitoring, these traps are now also being considered as promising vector control tools. The traps are attractive to host-seeking mosquitoes, but their capture efficiency is low. It has been hypothesized that the lack of short-range host cues, such as heat and increased local humidity, often prevent mosquitoes from getting close enough to get caught; this lack might even trigger avoidance manoeuvres near the capture region. Methods This study investigated how close-range host cues affect the flight behaviour of Anopheles female malaria mosquitoes around odour-baited traps, and how this affects trap capture performance. For this, a novel counter-flow odour-baited trap was developed, the M-Tego. In addition to the usual CO2 and odour-blend, this trap can provide the short-range host cues, heat and humidity. Systematically adding or removing these two cues tested how this affected the trap capture percentages and flight behaviour. First, capture percentages of the M-Tego with and without short-range host cues to the BG-Suna trap were compared, in both laboratory and semi-field testing. Then, machine-vision techniques were used to track the three-dimensional flight movements of mosquitoes around the M-Tego. Results With heat and humidity present, the M-Tego captured significantly more mosquitoes as capture percentages almost doubled. Comparing the flight behaviour around the M-Tego with variable close-range host cues showed that when these cues were present, flying mosquitoes were more attracted to the trap and spent more time there. In addition, the M-Tego was found to have a better capture mechanism than the BG-Suna, most likely because it does not elicit previously observed upward avoiding manoeuvres. Conclusions Results suggest that adding heat and humidity to an odour-baited trap lures more mosquitoes close to the trap and retains them there longer, resulting in higher capture performance. These findings support the development of control tools for fighting mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.

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Modification of the Suna Trap for Improved Survival and Quality of Mosquitoes in Support of Epidemiological Studies

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Optimisation and field validation of odour-baited traps for surveillance of Aedes aegypti adults in Paramaribo, Suriname

Optimisation and field validation of odour-baited traps for surveillance of Aedes aegypti adults in Paramaribo, Suriname

Evaluating Putative Repellent ‘Push’ and Attractive ‘Pull’ Components for Manipulating the Odour-orientation of Host-seeking Malaria Vectors in the Peri-domestic Space

Lure, retain, and catch malaria mosquitoes. How heat and humidity improve odour-baited trap performance

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