Modifications in the Intestinal Functionality, Morphology and Microbiome Following Intra-Amniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Stilbenes (Resveratrol and Pterostilbene)

Abstract

This efficacy trial evaluated the effects of two polyphenolic stilbenes, resveratrol and pterostilbene, mostly found in grapes, on the brush border membrane functionality, morphology and gut microbiome. This study applied the validated Gallus gallus intra-amniotic approach to investigate the effects of stilbene administration versus the controls. Three treatment groups (5% resveratrol; 5% pterostilbene; and synergistic: 4.75% resveratrol and 0.25% pterostilbene) and three controls (18 MΩ H2O; no injection; 5% inulin) were employed. We observed beneficial morphological changes, specifically an increase in the villus length, diameter, depth of crypts and goblet cell diameter in the pterostilbene and synergistic groups, with concomitant increases in the serum iron and zinc concentrations. Further, the alterations in gene expression of the mineral metabolism proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate a potential improvement in gut health and mineral bioavailability. The cecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. A lower α-diversity was observed in the synergistic group compared with the other treatment groups. However, beneficial compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiome were detected. Several key microbial metabolic pathways were differentially enriched in the pterostilbene treatment group. These observations demonstrate a significant bacterial–host interaction that contributed to enhancements in intestinal functionality, morphology and physiological status. Our data demonstrate a novel understanding of the nutritional benefits of dietary stilbenes and their effects on intestinal functionality, morphology and gut microbiota in vivo.

Alterations in Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Bacterial Populations Following Intra-Amniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Nicotinamide Riboside and Its Derivatives

“…Therefore, the administration of NRCl and its derivatives triggers altered expression of key BBM genes involved in digestion, and absorption, with additional effects on intestinal microbiota composition and function. Further and as was previously suggested, these functional changes, as demonstrated via gene expression of key BBM proteins (zinc transporter, inflammatory cytokines, absorptive proteins, and mucin), were previously associated with BBM tissue physiological and morphometric alterations, as increased villi size [ 24 , 50 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. These alterations may potentially also be associated with increased proliferation of cellular populations that hold essential roles in BBM function, including, enterocytes, and therefore, increased villus surface area (the intestinal digestive and absorptive surface), and goblet cells (produce and secrete mucus), both number and diameter in intestinal villi and crypt [ 18 , 22 , 24 , 47 , 50 , 93 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ].…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the intra-amniotic administration of polyphenols and other dietary substances (as soluble fiber extracts) has affected BBM functionality through alterations in gene expression of key BBM digestive and absorptive proteins [ 29 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 77 , 78 ]. In the current study, we investigated the effects of NRCl and its derivatives on BBM gene expression ( Figure 9 ), and the results demonstrated that NRCl, NRTBCl, and NRTOCl increased the expression of ZnT1 and MUC2 and decreased the expression of IL-6.…”

“…All procedures were conducted as previously described [ 30 , 47 , 50 ]. Briefly, the primers used in the real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were designed using Real-time Primer Design Tool software (IDT DNA, Coralville, IA, USA) based on 11 gene sequences from the GenBank database ( Table 1 ).…”

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Flower Water Extract Disrupts the Cecal Microbiome, Brush Border Membrane Functionality, and Morphology In Vivo (Gallus gallus)

“…Similarly, the significant upregulation of iron transporter gene, ferroportin (at 10% CFWE), is correlated to the reduced Hb levels observed here. Previous studies have shown that the reduced expression of ferroportin is associated with iron sufficiency [ 35 , 58 ]. We hypothesize that kaempferols and quercetin found in CFWE have resulted in the poorer iron physiological status observed here.…”

In ovo Inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Raffinose Affects Growth Performance, Cecal Microbiota, Volatile Fatty Acid, Ileal Morphology and Gene Expression, and Sustainability of Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus)

“…Based on the above considerations, we hypothesized that in ovo injection of B. subtilis , raffinose, and their synbiotics would improve the performance and overall health status of broiler chickens at 21 days of age. Therefore, by using the Gallus gallus in vivo model ( 7 , 25 ), the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo inoculation with different levels of probiotic ( B. subtilis PB6), prebiotic (raffinose), and their combinations on growth performance, cecal microbial population, cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, ileal histomorphology, and ileal gene expression.…”