Modifications of cell wall polymers in Gram-positive bacteria by multi-component transmembrane glycosylation systems

Rismondo, Jeanine; Gillis, Annika; Gründling, Angelika

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2021.01.007

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The cell walls of microbial cells (bacteria or fungi) are different in structure, but usually have a multipolymeric structure that fulfils important and diverse functions within it. Bacterial cells possess not only peptidoglycan as a fundamental polymer (responsible for the maintenance of cell shape and osmotic stability, in different proportion in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) but also other polymers linked to the peptidoglycan chains: polysaccharides (teichoic or teichuronic acids and other neutral or acidic polysaccharides) and proteins [7]. The fungi cell wall contains a complex mixture of proteins and polysaccharides, including β1,3-glucan (the major component), mannans, and chitin, with roles in maintenance of cell rigidity and shape and metabolism [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorbents Based on Biopolymers from Natural Sources and Food Waste to Retain the Methylene Blue Dye from the Aqueous Medium

et al. 2022

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The use of a biosorbent based on residual biomass from brewing industry (Saccharomyces pastorianus) immobilized in a natural biopolymer (sodium alginate) was investigated for Methylene Blue removal from aqueous medium. Saccharomyces pastorianus, immobilized by a simple entrapment technique and by microencapsulation in alginate was characterized using SEM, EDAX, pHPZC and the biosorption behavior toward organic pollutant, such as cationic dye. The biosorption experiments were studied by assessing, in a first stage, the influence of the most important operational physical parameters on the efficiency of the biosorbent: the initial concentration of the dye, the contact time between phases, the temperature, the dye solution pH, the biosorbent granule size, and the amount of biosorbent. The highest sorption capacity was obtained for the biosorbent obtained by microencapsulation, at pH 9, at biosorbent dose of 5.28 g/L and a contact time of about 100 min. The biosorption equilibrium was then studied by modeling the data on the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherms. The Langmuir model is best suited for experimental data on both particle sizes leading to a maximum biosorption capacity of 188.679 mg/g at room temperature. The values of the adsorption energy, E, obtained with the help of the Dubinin-Radushkevich model-suggest that the type of mechanism (physical or chemical) involved in the biosorption process depends on the particle size of the biosorbent. The results confirm that the residual microbial biomass of Saccharomyces pastorianus immobilized in a polymeric matrix such as sodium alginate, can be considered an efficient biosorbent in retaining cationic organic dyes present in aqueous solutions in moderate concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorbents Based on Biopolymers from Natural Sources and Food Waste to Retain the Methylene Blue Dye from the Aqueous Medium

et al. 2022

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“…A major component of the cell envelope are teichoic acids, which can either be covalently bound to the cell wall (WTA) or anchored to the membrane (lipoteichoic acid, LTA) [43]. These polymers are both modified with D-alanine groups by the products of the dltABCD operon, reducing the net negative charge of the surface [43]. To test whether either of these polymers were required for tolerance we examined mutants lacking WTA or LTA (Δ tagO or Δ ltaS -S2, respectively) or lacking the D-alanine modification (Δ dltD ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Daptomycin Tolerance Requires Changes To the Cell Wall But N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth arrest ofStaphylococcus aureusinduces daptomycin tolerance via cell wall remodelling

Ledger

Edwards

2022

Preprint

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Almost all bactericidal drugs require bacterial replication and/or metabolic activity for their killing activity. When these processes are inhibited by bacteriostatic antibiotics, bacterial killing is significantly reduced. One notable exception is the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin, which has been reported to efficiently kill non-dividing bacteria. However, these studies employed only brief periods of growth arrest. We found that a bacteriostatic concentration of the protein synthesis inhibitor tetracycline led to a time-dependent induction of daptomycin tolerance in S. aureus, with ~100,000-fold increase in survival after 16 h growth arrest relative to exponential phase bacteria. Daptomycin tolerance required glucose and was associated with increased production of the cell wall polymers peptidoglycan and wall-teichoic acids. However, whilst accumulation of peptidoglycan was required for daptomycin tolerance, only a low abundance of wall teichoic acid was necessary. Therefore, whilst tolerance to most antibiotics occurs passively due to a lack of metabolic activity and/or replication, daptomycin tolerance arises via active cell wall remodelling.

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“…The addition of side-chain substituents to the rhamnan backbone is accomplished through the activity of multicomponent transmembrane glycosylation systems. These systems, which are conserved in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, are composed of three or four proteins that perform extracytoplasmic glycosylation of glycopolymers such as lipopolysaccharides, WTA, LTA, and CWPS ( 58 , 59 , 60 ). They involve two types of glycosyltransferases belonging to GT-A or GT-C superfamilies that are defined on the basis of structural features ( 61 ).…”

Section: Attachment Of Side-chain Substituents Onto the Rhamnan Backb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural variations and roles of rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharides in Gram-positive bacteria

Guérin¹,

Kulakauskas²,

Chapot‐Chartier³

2022

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Modifications of cell wall polymers in Gram-positive bacteria by multi-component transmembrane glycosylation systems

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Biosorbents Based on Biopolymers from Natural Sources and Food Waste to Retain the Methylene Blue Dye from the Aqueous Medium

Biosorbents Based on Biopolymers from Natural Sources and Food Waste to Retain the Methylene Blue Dye from the Aqueous Medium

Growth arrest ofStaphylococcus aureusinduces daptomycin tolerance via cell wall remodelling

Structural variations and roles of rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharides in Gram-positive bacteria

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