Modified Atmospheres

Adler, Cornel; Corinth, Hans-Gerd; Reichmuth, Christoph

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4353-4_5

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…One method of control is to remove or replace atmospheric oxygen (O 2 ) in the storage enclosure (Adler et al 2000, Hoback and Stanley 2001, Navarro 2006). A second method, the use of sealed, gas-impervious hermetic enclosures, is of increasing interest in locales where high levels of infestation are prevalent in small-scale storage facilities (Tefera et al 2011, Murdock et al 2012, De Groote et al 2013, Martin et al 2015, Williams et al 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hermetic Storage on Adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Acoustic Activity Patterns and Mortality

Njoroge¹,

Mankin

Smith³

et al. 2017

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Hermetic storage is of interest to farmers and warehouse managers as a method to control insect pests in small storage facilities. To develop improved understanding of effects of hermetic storage on insect pest activity and mortality over time, oxygen levels, acoustic signals, and observations of visual movement were recorded from replicates of 25, 50, and 100 adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) hermetically sealed in 500- and 1,000-ml glass jars. Recordings were done for 28 d; twice daily for the first 6 d and twice weekly thereafter. Insect sounds were analyzed as short bursts (trains) of impulses with spectra that matched average spectra (profiles) of previously verified insect sound impulses. Oxygen consumption was highest in treatments of 100 insects/500-ml jar and lowest in 25/1000-ml jars. The rates of bursts per insect, number of impulses per burst, and rates of burst impulses per insect decreased as the residual oxygen levels decreased in each treatment. Activity rates <0.02 bursts s−1, the acoustic detection threshold, typically occurred as oxygen fell below 5%. Mortality was observed at 2% levels. The time to obtain these levels of insect activity and oxygen depletion ranged from 3–14 d depending on initial infestation levels. Acoustic detection made it possible to estimate the duration required for reduction of insect activity to levels resulting in negligible damage to the stored product under hermetic conditions. Such information is of value to farmers and warehouse managers attempting to reduce pest damage in stored crops.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hermetic Storage on Adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Acoustic Activity Patterns and Mortality

Njoroge¹,

Mankin

Smith³

et al. 2017

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…Modified atmospheres are user-friendly, cost effective, and environmentally sound pest-control methods for the control of stored product pests. 5 Adler et al 6 reported that the treatment cost of CO 2 application in grain varied between US$1-3.8/t depending on the gas retaining properties of the structures. More recently, Haojie et al 7 reported that the MA application costs of stored grain using CO 2 or N 2 were US$0.77/t and US$0.88/t, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of modified atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide against Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella

Tütüncü

Emekçi

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella (Walker) is a serious cosmopolitan pest that can feed on a wide variety of stored foods. It is controlled mainly by fumigation with phosphine, to which strong resistance has been documented in major stored‐product insects in many countries. The need for reliable, user‐ and environmentally friendly alternatives is therefore high on the agenda to avoid the development of potential resistance and to reduce human exposure to toxic insecticides. Two modified atmospheres (MAs) composed of high carbon dioxide (CO2) and low oxygen (O2) (90% and 96% CO2 in air) were studied at the laboratory at 20 °C and 65 ± 3% relative humidity (RH) against C. cautella. RESULTS Eggs (1, 2, and 3 days old), young and mature larvae (10 and 20 days old), pupae (1, 2 and 3 days old) and adults (1 day old) were exposed to two MAs consisting of high CO2 and low O2 for the range of 2 to 104 h. Eggs, old larvae, and pupae were found to be the most tolerant. Adults were rather easily killed and young larvae were the most susceptible. Lethal exposure time (LT99) values were between 11.74 h and 128.97 h. CONCLUSION Modified atmospheres consisting of high CO2 and low O2 offer an affordable combination to control C. cautella effectively. From the perspective of economics and efficacy, 90% CO2 might be the concentration of choice. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Among the methyl bromide alternatives, controlled atmospheres (CAs) have been increasingly adopted worldwide (Adler et al, 2000;Navarro, 2012). The major constraint of CAs applications for the disinfestation of dried figs in Turkey is the length of exposure periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of egg development by hypercarbia and hypoxia in almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Tütüncü¹,

Emekçi²

2017

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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Hypercarbia-induced delay in the development of eggs was investigated in almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), using two controlled atmospheres (CAs), 85% CO2 + 3% O2 (balance N2) and 95% CO2 + 1% O2 (balance N2) between 2012 and 2014 in Stored Products Pests Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University. Eggs of E. cautella (1-3 day-old) were exposed to both CAs for a wide a range of exposure periods of up to 104 h at three temperatures of 20±1, 25±1 and 30±1°C at 65±5% RH. In general, both CAs caused delay in egg development by 1 to 8 d. Inhibitory effects were more pronounced at lower temperatures. A maximum delay of 8 d was recorded at 20°C for the three-day-old eggs exposed to 95% CO2 plus 1% O2 for 88 h. Short exposure periods caused short term delays in development. Four h exposure caused 1d delay in three-day-old eggs exposed to 95% CO2 plus 1% O2 at 25°C. In practice, total egg hatch including delays lasted 5 d at 30°C, 8 d at 25°C, and 12 d at 20°C, which must be taken into account for successful CAs applications.

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Modified Atmospheres

Cited by 40 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of Hermetic Storage on Adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Acoustic Activity Patterns and Mortality

Effects of Hermetic Storage on Adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Acoustic Activity Patterns and Mortality

Comparative efficacy of modified atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide against Cadra (=Ephestia) cautella

Inhibition of egg development by hypercarbia and hypoxia in almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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