Modified Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical quantum gas

Abstract

Open quantum systems can be systematically controlled by making changes to their environment. A well-known example is the spontaneous radiative decay of an electronically excited emitter, such as an atom or a molecule, which is significantly influenced by the feedback from the emitter’s environment, for example, by the presence of reflecting surfaces. A prerequisite for a deliberate control of an open quantum system is to reveal the physical mechanisms that determine its state. Here, we investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of a photonic Bose gas in an environment with controlled dissipation and feedback. Our measurements offer a highly systematic picture of Bose-Einstein condensation under non-equilibrium conditions. We show that by adjusting their frequency Bose-Einstein condensates naturally try to avoid particle loss and destructive interference in their environment. In this way our experiments reveal physical mechanisms involved in the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, which typically remain hidden when the system is close to thermal equilibrium.

High Orbital Angular Momentum Lasing with Tunable Degree of Chirality in a Symmetry-Broken Microcavity

“…1(c)-1(d), in which a microring and a small tilting angle between the mirrors were considered. Such a microcavity possesses an effective potential for confined photons around a microring [27] (Supplementary Discussion I):…”

Photon Bose–Einstein Condensation and Lasing in Semiconductor Cavities

“…[10][11][12][13][14] Indeed, in these systems, controlling the thermalization enables, for example, the study of vortices formation and annihilation, [15][16][17] or to envision analog simulation with synchronized arrays of out-of-equilibrium condensates. [18][19][20] Still, in the quest for these new applications, we observe that several aspects of the problem have been overlooked so far. We list several of them in the next paragraphs.…”

Physics news on the Internet (based on electronic preprints)

“…ªÔÔÎÇAEÑÄÂÕÇÎË ËÊ µÐËÄÇÓÔËÕÇÕ ´ÄÇÐÕÇ (¯ËAEÇÓÎÂÐAEÞ) M.Vretenar, C. Toebes Ë J. Klaers ËÊÖÚËÎË Ä ÔÄÑÈÏ àÍÔÒÇÓËÏÇÐÕÇ ÔÄÑÌÔÕÄ ÃÑÊÇ-àÌÐÛÕÇÌÐÑÄÔÍÑÅÑ ÍÑÐAEÇÐÔÂÕ ×ÑÕÑÐÑÄ Ä ÐÇÓÂÄÐÑ-ÄÇÔÐÞØ ÖÔÎÑÄËâØ [2]. ¬ÄÂÊËAEÄÖÏÇÓÐÞÌ ÍÑÐAEÇÐÔÂÕ ÃÞÎ ÒÑÎÖÚÇÐ ÒÓË ÍÑÏÐÂÕÐÑÌ ÕÇÏÒÇÓÂÕÖÓÇ Ä ÄÑAEÐÑÏ ÓÂÔÕÄÑÓÇ ÍÓÂÔËÕÇÎâ ÏÇÉAEÖ AEÄÖÏâ ÊÇÓÍÂÎÂÏË, ÓÂÊAEÇÎÈÐÐÞÏË ÓÂÔÔÕÑâÐËÇÏ…”