Today, while people’s satisfaction with materials is high, the pursuit of health has begun and sports are becoming increasingly important. Volleyball is a good physical and mental exercise, which helps improve the health of the body. However, excessive exercise usually leads to muscle strain and more serious accidents. Therefore, how to effectively prevent excessive fatigue and sports injuries becomes more and more important. In the past, some methods of exercise fatigue detection were mostly self-assessment through some indicators, which lacked real-time and accuracy. With the advancement of smart technology, in order to better detect sports fatigue, smart wearable technology and equipment are used in volleyball. Firstly, surface electromyography signals (sEMG) are collected through wearable technology and equipment. Secondly, the signal is preprocessed to extract features that are conducive to exercise fatigue assessment. Finally, a motion fatigue detection algorithm is designed to identify and classify features and evaluate the motion status in real-time. The simulation results show that it is feasible to collect ECG signals and EMG signals to detect exercise fatigue. The algorithm has good recognition performance, can evaluate exercise conditions in real-time, and prevent fatigue and injury during exercise.