Modifier and Additive Effects in the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride from Spiked-Sand and Suphedrine Tablets

Eckard, Phyllis R.; Taylor, Larry T.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990801)22:8<469::aid-jhrc469>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Due to the limited solubility of polar organic compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide, quantitative extraction of these compounds with pure supercritical CO 2 is not possible. The addition of a polar modifier to supercritical carbon dioxide has been shown to offer tremendous increases in the extraction efficiency of polar organic compounds, but due to different interactions of the modifier with sample matrices, choosing a specific modifier for a class of compounds without experiment is not possible ( − ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Essential Oils from Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.

Pourmortazavi

Sefidkon

Hosseini

2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the aerial parts of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. was studied. The effect of different parameters such as pressure, temperature, modifier identity, and modifier volume on the SFE of the plant was investigated. The extracts were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and compared with the essential oil obtained from P. atriplicifolia Benth by steam distillation. The supercritical extracts and the steam-distilled products had very different compositions. The main constituents of the oil obtained by steam distillation were 1,8-cineole, limonene, camphor, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-pinene, camphene, and alpha-humulene. On the other hand, the major components of SFE extracts were 1,8-cineole, limonene, camphor, beta-caryophyllene, gamma-cadinene, alpha-pinene, and alpha-terpinyl acetate. The results showed that increasing the temperature from 35 to 65 degrees C (at a constant pressure of 100 atm) drastically reduced the number of extracted components. Also, the number of extracted constituents and the percent of main analytes increased when lower pressures were used. Using different modifiers (e.g., methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane) for the extraction of the plant at low pressure (100 atm) and temperature (35 degrees C) showed that hexane was more selective than the other modifiers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Essential Oils from Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.

Pourmortazavi

Sefidkon

Hosseini

2003

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…methanol) to facilitate the extraction of polar analytes. [19][20][21][22] Instrumentally, such modifiers can be manually added directly to the extraction vessel or incorporated with the carbon dioxide mobile phase. [23][24][25][26] However, while useful, this approach is not always fully effective at polar analyte extractions due to the inability to overcome very strong matrix-analyte interactions and/or improve analyte solubility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of sample preparation of Prozac® capsules using enhanced fluidity liquid extraction

et al. 2012

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Enhanced Fluidity Liquid Extraction (EFLE) using carbon dioxide-methanol mixtures as the mobile phase is explored for its ability to extract Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in ProzacÒ capsules. Optimum conditions for extracting the pure compound were found using a 50% carbon dioxide-50% methanol mobile phase. Co-extraction and/or interference from common excipients such as starch, lactose, and micro-crystalline cellulose was not observed. However, mannitol excipient was found to significantly reduce the EFLE extraction efficiency of Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride. Employing an extraction temperature of 80 C, a pressure of 375 atm, and a flow rate of 3.5 mL min À1 , produced an extraction recovery of Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride from ProzacÒ capsules of 99 AE 2% in just 3 minutes using only about 5 mL of total methanol. When a static modifier mode was employed under similar conditions, it was found that only 400 mL of methanol added to the vessel prior to extraction with pure carbon dioxide resulted in a Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride recovery of 98 AE 8% after only 5 minutes. In contrast to EFLE results, Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride extractions performed using pure room temperature methanol were 3 to 5 times longer and produced extracts that contained significant amounts of starch excipient that was also co-extracted from the ProzacÒ capsules. These findings indicate that EFLE may be a useful alternative sample preparation method for Fluoxetine-Hydrochloride, and possibly other pharmaceuticals, that can greatly reduce time and solvent usage in the process.

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Extraction Techniques Leveraging Elevated Temperature and Pressure

Brannegan

Lee

Wang

et al. 2011

Sample Preparation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

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Modifier and Additive Effects in the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride from Spiked-Sand and Suphedrine Tablets

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Essential Oils from Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Essential Oils from Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.

Characterization of sample preparation of Prozac® capsules using enhanced fluidity liquid extraction

Extraction Techniques Leveraging Elevated Temperature and Pressure

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