Modifying Surface Termination of CsPbI<sub>3</sub> Grain Boundaries by 2D Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics

Liu, Tiantian; Zhang, Jie; Qin, Minchao; Wu, Xin; Li, Fengzhu; Lu, Xinhui; Zhu, Zonglong; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202009515

Cited by 74 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The longer lifetime demonstrated the reduced possibility of charge loss through trapping dynamics, which was further evidenced by the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) model. [49,50] Based on the trap-filled limit voltage, the pristine film had the highest trap density of 9.46 × 10 15 cm −3 (Figure S14, Supporting Information), which decreased to 6.85 × 10 15 and 5.98 × 10 15 cm −3 with LDZWs and HDZWs, respectively. This indicates the applicability of zwitterions to realizing highly efficient inorganic PSCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Choi

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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All-inorganic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI 3 ) perovskites, which replace volatile and hygroscopic organic components with stable inorganic cesium cations, have promising photoelectronic properties for potential application in solar cells. However, highly stable and efficient CsPbI 3 -based perovskite solar cells are rarely reported because the optically active black phases of CsPbI 3 tend to change into a photo-inactive yellow δ-phase. Herein, a highly stable CsPbI 3 film that is formed by introducing a small quantity of zwitterions with different dimensions to the perovskite precursor solution is reported. The zwitterions effectively inhibit the formation of the yellow δ-phase during perovskite crystallization and promote the development of a stable black α-phase. In addition, a systematic analysis reveals strong interaction between 3D zwitterions and perovskites in both the solution and film states, which leads to a dense and pinhole-free CsPbI 3 film with suppressed trap states. The resulting perovskite solar cells with 3D zwitterions achieve a significantly improved power conversion efficiency of 18.4% with high reproducibility. The devices without encapsulation retain 98% of the initial efficiency after 25 days at 25 °C and relative humidity of 25% ± 5%. Importantly, the 3D zwitterionbased devices demonstrate excellent phase stability when subjected to thermal aging at 100 °C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Choi

Lee

Jung

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…As previously reported, the smaller ΔV 2 for the devices prepared with ODAPbI 4 interlayer could be ascribed to the reduced shallow trap states in perovskite. [54,55] ΔV 3 represents the non-radiative recombination loss in PVSCs, which can be determined by function:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Engineering of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Wide-bandgap perovskites have attracted substantial attention due to their important role in serving as a top absorber in tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) typically suffer from severe non-radiative recombination loss and therefore exhibit high open-circuit voltage (V OC ) deficits. To address these issues, a 2D octyl-diammonium lead iodide interlayer is adopted onto the hole-transporting layer to induce the formation of an ultrathin quasi-2D perovskite that is close to the hole-selective interface. This approach not only accelerates hole transfer and retards hole accumulation but also reduces the trap density in the perovskite layer on top, thereby efficiently suppresses non-radiative recombination pathways. Consequently, the champion wide-bandgap device (≈1.66 eV) exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.05% with a V OC of 1.23 V, where the V OC deficit of 0.43 V is among the lowest values for inverted wide-bandgap PVSCs. Moreover, by stacking a semi-transparent perovskite top cell on a 1.1 eV Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) bottom cell, a 22.27% PCE was achieved on a perovskite/CZTSSe four-terminal tandem solar cell, paving the way for all-solution-processed, low-cost, and efficient TSCs with mitigated energy loss in the wide-bandgap top cells.

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“…As shown in Figure 16a, a prefabricated 2D perovskite layer on the substrate was stacked on the surface of a 3D perovskite film, and then heat and pressure were applied to induce the formation of intact 2D/3D heterojunctions. Thus, an enhanced built-in potential was obtained in the mixed film, leading to OABr ITO/SnO 2 /FAPbI 3 (0.8 mol% MAPbBr 3 )/OAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 25.20% (0.0937 cm 2 ) -CBD of SnO 2 layer [22] OAI TO/TiO 2 /FAPbI 3 /OAI/Spiro-mF/Au 24.82% (0.0819 cm 2 ) >87% of initial PCE, 500 h, 50% RH Modified Spiro-OMeTAD [190] OAI FTO/TiO Doping MACl [192] PEAI ITO/SnO 2 /MA x FA 1-x PbI 3 /PEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 23.56% (0.0739 cm 2 ) 81% of initial PCE, 500 h, 85 °C, Non [87] tBBAI FTO/TiO Non [193] HTAB FTO/TiO 2 /MAFAPbI x Br 3−x /HTAB/P 3 HT/Au 23.30% (/) 95% of initial PCE, 1370 h 85% RH, 25 °C, 1 sun Non [158] 2-PyEAI ITO/SnO 2 /MA x FA 1-x PbI 3 /2-PyEAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 23.20% (0.1 cm 2 ) 92% of initial PCE, 3000 h 30% RH, 25 °C, air Non [194] CF Non [195] DMAI FTO/TiO 2 /cs 0.05 FA 0.85 MA 0.10 Pb(I 0.97 Br 0.03 ) 3 /DMAI/Spiro-OMeTAD/ MoO 3 /Ag 23% (0.0725 cm 2 ) 80% of initial PCE, 1000 h 30% RH, 25 °C, air Non [196] PI Non [198] OAm [200] PEAI FTO/TiO 2 /CsPbI 3 /PEA 2 PbI 4 /Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 18.82% (0.104 cm 2 ) 81% of initial PCE, 84 h, 40% ± 5% RH Non [201] GABr ITO/SnO 2 /CsPb(Br x I 1-x ) 3 /Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 18.06% (0.103 cm 2 ) 81% of initial PCE, 1000 h, 40% RH, 25 °C SIM method [202] PTABr FTO/TiO 2 /CsPbI 3 /PTABr/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au 17.06% (0.12 cm 2 ) 91% of initial PCE, 500 h, 1 sun, N 2…”

Section: Organic-inorganic Lead Pscs With the Formal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Wu¹,

Liang²,

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

322

208

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first solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSC) was successfully prepared by introducing Sprio as a hole transport layer (HTL), tremendous efforts have been devoted to further promoting the photovoltaic performance, including surface passivation, bulk doping, processing engineering, and optimizing the structure of the device. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has dramatically increased from the initial 9% to an impressive 25.2% in several years. [22,23] To date, the coexistence of high efficiency and long-term stability has become a crucial requirement for successful PSC applications. 2D perovskites (consisting of pure 2D and quasi-2D perovskites) have emerged as a new family of photovoltaic materials that have been proven to resolve the problem of instability in perovskites. Owing to the insulating spacer layer, inherent outstanding long-term stability is obtained in 2D perovskites, including hydrophobicity, suppression of ion migration, and larger formation energy. [24][25][26][27][28] However, severe carrier recombination occurs due to the combined effect of quantum confinement and dielectric confinement, rooted in the natural multiple quantum wells structure (MQWs) (Figure 1), where the inorganic parts act as potential "wells" while the organic parts act as "walls", which shows a boost in the photovoltaic performance of 2D PSCs. [29][30][31] To realize the coexistence of high efficiency and ultrastability in PSCs, researchers began to construct 2D/3D heterostructures by surface passivation. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] In fact, before the boosting of the 2D/3D stacking concept, many researchers have applied large ammonium cations (such as phenethylamine (PEA), butylamine (BA), and quaternary ammonium (QA)) as defect passivants to 3D perovskite solar cells. [41][42][43][44][45] During this period, the pure PEA-or BA-based 2D perovskites have been explored as light-absorbing materials for better stability. [25,46] In 2015, Yao et al. introduced in situ grown 2D perovskite (PEI) 2 PbI 4 (PEI: polymeric ammonium) on an MAPbI 3 film, leading to more stable and efficient PSCs. [47] In 2016, discussions and analyses of the surface passivation effect began to emerge, which involved exploring a series of 2D perovskite molecules (such as aniline, benzylamine, and PEA). [42,45,48] The concept of 2D/3D stacking really stood out in 2018 by unveiling the chemical reaction mechanism for heterojunction formation and the mechanism for enhancing stability. For example, Huang 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next-generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal-, moisture-, and light-induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier ...

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Modifying Surface Termination of CsPbI₃ Grain Boundaries by 2D Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics

Cited by 74 publications

References 61 publications

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Interfacial Engineering of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells

Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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Modifying Surface Termination of CsPbI3 Grain Boundaries by 2D Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics

Cited by 74 publications

References 61 publications

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI3 Solar Cells

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI3 Solar Cells

Interfacial Engineering of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells

Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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Modifying Surface Termination of CsPbI₃ Grain Boundaries by 2D Perovskite Layer for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

3D Interaction of Zwitterions for Highly Stable and Efficient Inorganic CsPbI₃ Solar Cells