Modular mucopolysaccharide gelatin naturapolyceutics hydrocolloid biomatrix with cobalt nano-additives for high density vascular network assembly

Endothelialized microvessels fabricated by microfluidics facilitate osteogenic differentiation and promote bone repair

“…The ability to process and assemble BMVs into 3D vascular network is also an important consideration for better application in tissue engineering [70]. In order to meet the needs of different environments in the body, BMVs are needed to assemble into different structures [71,72]. However, due to the weak mechanical strength of most hydrogels, the assembling of BMVs is difficult.…”

“…In addition to the structural resemblance of blood vessel, vascular ECs are also needed to be considered [71]. ECs not only provide a smooth luminal surface to conduct blood flow, but also play a vital role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, including vessel wall permeation, vascular tone, luminal patency and blood coagulation [73][74][75].…”