Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission

Song, Sen; Li, Wei; Ni, Kai; Xu, Hui; Hu, Yihua; Si, Jikai

doi:10.3390/en11102711

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In [8], the average model based on the dead time is obtained by averaging the pulses generated by the dead time in a carrier period. In [9], a general mathematical model of the influence of dead time on modular multilevel converter system is derived through theoretical analysis. However, the above methods idealized sub-module capacitor voltage which lacks the generality of engineering application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accelerated modelling method of full-bridge modular multilevel converter considering dead-time

Pan,

Jing,

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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To avoid short-circuits of the same side switching of power converters, the dead time is of significance in the pulse trigger gating signal for full bridge modular multilevel converter (FB-MMC). However, the previous equivalent models use the binary resistance switching model to equivalent the switching state which is impossible to simulate the switching with dead time, and the detailed model (DM) with higher levels is time-consuming and inefficient in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation. To address this problem, based on the state-space averaging method, a speed-up average value model (AVM) of FB-MMC considering dead time is proposed. Firstly, the working state of FB-MMC is obtained through analysing the switching states with dead time and is classified into three cases according to the capacitor. Secondly, derived from state-space equation, the three cases are integrated into a unified model by introducing the duty cycle, and then the equivalent controlled source is used as the interface circuit between the external grid and capacitor. Finally, a 49-level two-terminal MMC-HVDC system consisting of FB-MMC is constructed in PSCAD / EMTDC simulations, showing that the proposed AVM compared with DM has high accuracy and operation efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accelerated modelling method of full-bridge modular multilevel converter considering dead-time

Pan,

Jing,

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Multi-port integrated DC/DC converter has the advantages of flexible energy distribution, simple structure, and low cost [4], and depending on whether there is an electrical isolation circuit formed by a transformer between the ports or not, it is divided into three kinds of structures: isolated topology, semi-isolated topology, and non-isolated topology. Isolated topology can easily achieve multi-port transformation, and its ports can be easily expanded and modularized [5,6], having strong anti-interference ability. Nevertheless, the large size of the transformer also leads to high power cycle losses and design costs, especially for highfrequency and high-power transmission conditions [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated DC/DC Converter Topology Study for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Two Energy Sources

Xie

Luo

Qin

2022

WEVJ

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Conventional hybrid vehicles with two energy sources require two separate on-board DC/DC converters to connect the battery and the fuel cell, which have the disadvantages of large size, high cost, high losses and few applicable operating conditions. To address this situation, this paper proposes an optimized on-board integrated DC/DC converter with a non-isolated multi-port scheme that integrates a unidirectional port for the fuel cell and a bidirectional port for the battery and load. This can achieve a combined energy supply and recovery with a single integrated converter, effectively overcoming the above disadvantages. The optimized converter topology is relatively simple, and the magnetic losses of the transformer are removed. Furthermore, the switched capacitor is introduced as a voltage doubling unit to achieve high-gain output, so the fuel cell and battery voltage demand levels are reduced under the same load conditions. In addition, it has superior performance in system energy management for hybrid vehicles, which can distribute power and switch operating states by controlling the on/off of switching devices to make it suitable for five driving conditions. This paper discusses in detail the operating principles of the converter and analyzes its steady-state performance under five operating modes, derives its dynamic model, and proposes a proportional-integral control scheme. Finally, the simulation model of the topology is built by Matlab/Simulink software to verify the converter operation in each driving state, and the simulation experimental results verify the applicability of the proposed integrated DC/DC converter topology.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to overcome other specific barriers such as: low efficiency with output ripple current, low output voltage that decreases as the load current increases and limited overload capability. To overcome these specific challenges, power converters with a control strategy are usually required to step up and regulate the output voltage to provide an appropriate DC power source that may be used for various applications [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Implementation of a Super Twisting Algorithm for PEM Fuel Cell Power System

et al. 2019

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) topology is becoming one of the most reliable and promising alternative resource of energy for a wide range of applications. However, efficiency improvement and lifespan extension are needed to overcome the limited market of fuel cell technologies. In this paper, an efficient approach based on a super-twising algorithm (STA) is proposed for the PEMFC system. The control objective is to lengthen the fuel cell lifetime by improving its power quality, as well as to keep the system operating at an optimal and efficient power point. The algorithm adjusts the PEMFC operating point to the optimum power by tuning the duty cycle of the boost converter. The closed-loop system includes the Heliocentris hy-ExpertTM PEMFC, DC–DC boost converter, DSPACE DS1104, dedicated PC, and a programmable electronic load. The practical implementation of the proposed STA on a hardware setup is performed using a dSPACE real-time digital control platform. The data acquisition and the control system are conducted together with the dSPACE 1104 controller board. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, experimental results are compared with 1-order sliding mode control (SMC) under different load resistance. The obtained results demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme by ensuring at least 72% of the maximum power produced by PEMFC. In addition, it is proven that the STA ensures all the fundamental properties of the 1-order SMC, as well as providing chattering reduction of 91%, which will ameliorate as a consequence the fuel cell lifetime.

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Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

An accelerated modelling method of full-bridge modular multilevel converter considering dead-time

An accelerated modelling method of full-bridge modular multilevel converter considering dead-time

Integrated DC/DC Converter Topology Study for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Two Energy Sources

Real-Time Implementation of a Super Twisting Algorithm for PEM Fuel Cell Power System

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