Modulation of arterial muscle contraction in Aplysia by glycine and neuron R14

Sawada, Masashi; McAdoo, David J.; Blankenship, James E.; Price, Christopher H.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90384-x

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The information available on the biochemistry, physiology, and morphology of R3-R14 makes them a useful model for exploring the function of neurons with more than one type of release site, more than one possible target, and more than one intercellular messenger. We here extend a preliminary report (SAWADA et a!., 1981b) on the effects of glycine and electrical activity in R14 on the contraction of muscle in the Aplysia anterior aorta.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…Repetitive firing of R14 was accomplished by bath application of 1-5 mM histidine to the ganglion via the perfusion fluid when it could not be fired by intracellular stimulation. (Histidine and some other amino acids depolarize R3-R14 and caused repetitive firing (SAWADA et al, 1981b;Ichinose, unpublished results)). Glycine and drugs were administered to the individual compartments via the perfusion fluids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Stimulation of R14 with histidine also enhanced 5-HT-induced contractions. Retrograde cobalt filling of the vulvar nerve labels at most 2-3 neurons in Japanese Journal of Physiology Bursts in vulvar nerve and siphon nerve are triggered by Interneuron II; the vulvar nerve burst represents RDAAI (an RD cluster neuron that is inhibitory to the anterior aorta) activity (SAWADA et al, 1981b). Note the relaxation of the AA induced by the RDAAI burst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reported previously that glycine enhances stimulated contractions of the anterior aorta (AA) (SAWADA et al, 1981b). R14 activity and 1.0 mM glycine both enhance AA contractions induced by stimulating the vulvar nerve (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Glycine On Contraction Of the Anterior Aortamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We have speculated (SAWADA et al, 1981b) that R3-R14 release a peptide or peptides that reach targets via the hemolymph because endings in the sheath have no apparent targets, and that glycine is released to act on nearby muscle cells, as released glycine could not travel very far without becoming lost in the circulating pool. Other neurons in insects which appear to release chemical messengers both at contacts with effector cells and into body fluids have been described (ANWYL and FINLAYSON, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Sawada¹,

McAdoo²,

Ichinose³

et al. 1984

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Firing neuron R14 in the Aplysia parietovisceral ganglion enhances the force of stimulated contractions and causes rhythmic contractions rather than individual contractions in response to a single stimulation of the anterior aorta of Aplysia. Bath application of 1.0 mM glycine to the artery causes a small depolarization, rhythmic contractions and enhances the force of individual, neurally induced contractions of the anterior aorta. These observations suggest that the physiological role of the innervation of the anterior aorta by R14 is to convert the mode of contraction of the anterior aorta from direct neural control to a myogenic mode. R14 activity does not produce classical junction potentials and inotophoretically applied glycine does not produce detectable potential changes in the anterior aorta muscle fibers. Glycine increases the force and frequency of Aplysia heart beat, and blood pressure. Glycine causes release of preloaded Ca2+ from the ventricle of the Aplysia heart, implying that glycine causes intracellular release of Cat+. The similarity of the actions of glycine and electrical activity in R14 extend previous evidence that R14 may utilize glycine to modulate the contractility of Aplysia circulatory muscle.

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Glycine On Contraction Of the Anterior Aortamentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Sawada¹,

McAdoo²,

Ichinose³

et al. 1984

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Anatomy and innervation of the anterior aorta of Aplysia and the ultrastructure of specialized neuromuscular junctions on vascular smooth muscle

Price

Fowle

Rittenhouse

1984

J of Comparative Neurology

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The fine structure of the cellular layers and innervation of smooth muscle in the anterior aorta of Aplysia were examined. The inner layer of circular muscle is not innervated but its fibers may be electrically coupled. In contrast, longitudinal fibers in the outer layer are well separated and richly innervated by highly specialized neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Three distinct types of NMJ are present on this smooth muscle, each identifiable by a set of quantitatively described morphological features including size, degree of contact with sarcolemma, density of active zones, number of mitochondria and vesicular content. The three types of NMJ are likely to arise from the identified serotonergic (RDAAE), cholinergic (RDAAI), and glycinergic (R14) neurons that provide the major known excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory inputs to this vessel. Each longitudinal muscle fiber is separately innervated by one or more NMJ of each type. Since there are no intercellular junctions between longitudinal fibers, coordination of contractility is clearly a function of the pattern of neural activity. This report further characterizes the rapid and fine control of the vasculature in Aplysia and demonstrates the utility of this preparation for cellular-level studies on the neural control of smooth muscle and neurochemical messengers mediating its activity.

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Anatomical and electrophysiological study of multitransmitter neuron r14 of aplysia

Rittenhouse

Price

1986

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study provides detailed information on the Aplysia neuron R14, including its endogenous electrical activity and extensive axonal projections to a variety of vascular and vascular-related tissues. With the aid of intracellular recording techniques, R14 was found to display in vitro variable spontaneous patterns of silent, beating, or bursting activity. Electrophysiological tracing and intracellular cobalt staining revealed the peripheral processes and target tissues of R14. The white-colored axons of R14 exit the parietovisceral ganglion in the genito-pericardial, spermathecal, branchial, and vulvar nerves. These processes extended 20 mm or more into peripheral tissues: the pericardial wall and lumen, digestive gland sheath, aortae, arteries, and veins. R14 axons also project to the right bag cell cluster. Its extensive axonal projections to tissues associated with the cardiovascular system verify physiological studies that show that R14 plays a role in cardiovascular regulation. This neuron appears to have a wide influence over several aspects of circulation in contrast to individual neurons of the R3-13 group, each of which projects to limited numbers of vascular and vascular-related tissues. R14 also uniquely innervates digestive tissues, thus suggesting that it may act as a nexus between influences on digestive and renal physiology such as ion/water regulation, in addition to modulating cardiovascular homeostasis.

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Modulation of arterial muscle contraction in Aplysia by glycine and neuron R14

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Influences of glycine and neuron R14 on contraction of the anterior aorta of Aplysia.

Anatomy and innervation of the anterior aorta of Aplysia and the ultrastructure of specialized neuromuscular junctions on vascular smooth muscle

Anatomical and electrophysiological study of multitransmitter neuron r14 of aplysia

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