Modulation of Autoimmunity and Atherosclerosis　– Common Targets and Promising Translational Approaches Against Disease –

Mucosal Administration of Collagen V Ameliorates the Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden by Inducing Interleukin 35-dependent Tolerance

“…Documented local self-antigens include heat shock proteins, oxidized LDL, and native lipoproteins (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Most recently, we have demonstrated autoimmunity to the ␣1(V) chain of col(V) to be a consistent feature of atherosclerosis in human CAD and in the Apoe Ϫ/Ϫ mouse model (17).…”

“…Atherosclerosis underlies coronary artery disease (CAD) 3 and stroke, major global causes of death (1), and is a chronic inflammatory disease that is modulated by both innate and adaptive immune pathways. It is increasingly accepted that autoimmunity constitutes some portion of the pathological processes underlying atherosclerosis, with oxidized LDLs, native lipoproteins, and heat shock proteins identified as autoantigens involved in atherogenesis (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…It is increasingly accepted that autoimmunity constitutes some portion of the pathological processes underlying atherosclerosis, with oxidized LDLs, native lipoproteins, and heat shock proteins identified as autoantigens involved in atherogenesis (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Recognition of the autoimmune aspects of atherosclerosis has suggested the possibility of employing immunomodulatory approaches to ameliorate symptoms.…”

Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota as Therapeutic Targets for Preventing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Thirdly, monocytes and various other types of leukocytes adhere to the activated endothelium, migrate into the arterial wall via upregulation of adhesion molecules, and produce proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines. 5 Subsequently, monocyte-derived macrophages take up OxLDL via scavenger receptors, leading to the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. Following these steps, the initial fatty streaks are developed, which contain lipids and numerous immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and T lymphocytes.…”

“…Given this unfulfilled need for effective treatment, there is augmenting interest in targeting novel pathways that underlie CVD pathology. [2][3][4][5] Atherosclerosis is considered not only a disorder of lipid accumulation in the arterial wall but also a chronic inflammatory disease in which both innate and acquired immunity are involved. 4-8 Inflammation of the vessel walls is an important feature of atherosclerosis, and contributes to both instability Intestinal Immunity and Gut Flora in Atherogenesis tions of the gut microbiota and metabolic diseases: obesity, MetS, and CVD.…”