Modulation of Cadmium Induced Apoptotic, Cancer and Inflammation Related Cytokines by Diallyl Disulfide in Rat Liver Cells

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd), an environmental heavy metal pollutant, is one of the high risk factors for human diseases due to the exponential increase of its use in industrial processes and products during the last 50 years. It deposits mainly in the liver and leads to various diseases including cancer. Currently, there is a growing attention to explore natural compounds for the prevention of unfavorable effects of Cd in humans. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound in garlic is used as a prophylactic compound for various diseases in many countries. In this study, the modulatory effect of DADS against Cd toxicity was evaluated on the viability and cytokine proteins expression in cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) treated normal rat liver CRL1439 cells. The liver cells were treated with CdCl 2 for 24 h with or without DADS pre-treatment for 2 h and viability was measured using the crystal violet dye uptake assay. The cytokines protein expression was measured after 6 h of CdCl 2 treatment using the RayBiotech human cytokine array 7 kit. The DADS pre-treatment dramatically increased the viability of CdCl 2 treated cells to 52.0 ± 3.1% in comparison to CdCl 2 alone treated cells (31.4 ± 2.2%). The CdCl 2 treatment upregulated 8 inflammatory, 3 apoptosis, and 9 cancer pathway cytokines and downregulated 3 inflammatory pathway cytokines in liver cells. However, DADS pre-treatment attenuated all the cytokines except two cytokines affected by the CdCl 2 treatment. The present study clearly demonstrated the protective effect of DADS against Cd toxicity through the modulation of cytokines expression in the CdCl 2 treated liver cells.

Diallyl Disulfide: A Bioactive Garlic Compound with Anticancer Potential

“…The administration of DADS reduced cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by simultaneously upregulating both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, demonstrating its promising therapeutic utility against the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide ( Hasan et al, 2020 ). The pre-treatment of epithelial cells in CdCl 2 -treated rat liver with DADS compounds exhibited a protective effect against the toxicity of CD by modulating cytokine protein production, which resulted in improved viability ( Odewumi et al, 2019 ).…”

Diallyl disulfide attenuation effect on transcriptome in rat liver cells against cadmium chloride toxicity

“… It has been shown to possess properties that promote normal cell function and anti‐proliferative, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, and detoxifying properties in normal and cancerous cells . Recently, our studies showed that DADS can alleviate Cd‐induced toxicity in liver cells via cytokines modulation . In this study, we investigated the toxic effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) on the transcriptome and metabolic pathways and attenuative effect of DADS against Cd toxicity in normal rat liver cells.…”