2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.028
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Modulation of direct pathway striatal projection neurons by muscarinic M4-type receptors

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Cited by 45 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 74 publications
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“…A suprathreshold stimulus may activate SPNs directly and indirectly through the polysynaptic activation of interneurons and other SPNs [1, 42]. Besides activating glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors, polysynaptic responses last hundreds of milliseconds and include the activation of muscarinic receptors as well as several classes of intrinsic voltage dependent currents [24, 26, 43, 44]. This multisynaptic and convergent activation is one origin of “down”- to “up”-states voltage transitions [7].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A suprathreshold stimulus may activate SPNs directly and indirectly through the polysynaptic activation of interneurons and other SPNs [1, 42]. Besides activating glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors, polysynaptic responses last hundreds of milliseconds and include the activation of muscarinic receptors as well as several classes of intrinsic voltage dependent currents [24, 26, 43, 44]. This multisynaptic and convergent activation is one origin of “down”- to “up”-states voltage transitions [7].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been shown that cholinergic neurons respond with a slightly briefer latency than the responses of SPNs [1, 24]. In addition, continuous firing of cholinergic interneurons maintains a tonic level of ACh in the striatum [7, 24, 45], muscarinic M 1 receptors are expressed in all SPNs, and K V 7 channels have been shown to compose a minor but functionally important part of the intrinsic voltage gated currents that are present in all SPNs [34]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Impacting these other systems may ameliorate TD through addressing this imbalance (and possibly a direct effect in some instances); it is known, for example, that there is a complex interplay between dopamine and a number of other neurotransmitters including GABA, glutamate, serotonin and acetylcholine [55,[63][64][65][66]. If we use acetylcholine as an example, it interacts with dopamine at the level of the striatum in a complex fashion that is still being detailed and, in addition, engages other systems [65,66]. The imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine is well established in Parkinson's disease as well as AP-related parkinsonism; interestingly, parkinsonism has been identified as a risk factor in TD [67], as has the use of anticholinergic agents [3].…”
Section: Other Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%